ERIKSON

EPIGENETIC PRINCIPLE OF MATURATION

Human development is governed by a sequence of stages that depend on genetic or hereditary factors.

crisis

Turning point faced at each developmental stage

BASIC

STRENGTHS

These strengths, or virtues, emerge once the crisis has

been resolved satisfactorily

BASIC

STRENGTHS

These strengths are interdependent

BASIC WEAKNESS

Motivating characteristics that derive from the unsatisfactory

resolution of developmental crises

MALDEVELOPMENT

A condition that occurs when the ego consists solely of a

single way of coping with conflict

HOPE

It involves a persistent feeling of confidence, a feeling we will maintain despite temporary setbacks or reverses

trust vs mistrust

birth-1 yr old

trust vs mistrust

infancy

autonomy vs shame/doubt

Children can exercise some degree of choice

autonomy vs shame/doubt

How much will society, in the form of parents, allow children to express themselves and do all they are capable of doing?

WILL

A determination to exercise freedom of

choice and self-restraint in the face of society’s

demands.

autonomy vs shame/doubt

1-2yrs old

autonomy vs shame/doubt

early childhood

initiative vs guilt

The child’s initiative can be

channeled toward realistic and

socially sanctioned goals in

preparation for the development

of adult responsibility and

morality.

PURPOSE

Courage to envision and pursue

goals

initiative vs guilt

3-5yrs old

initiative vs guilt

preschool

initiative vs guilt

play age

industry vs inferiority

school age

industry vs inferiority

6-12 yrs old

industry vs inferiority

The attitudes and behaviors of parents and teachers

largely determine how well children perceive themselves

to be developing and using their skills.

COMPETENCE

Exertion of skill and intelligence in pursuing and

completing tasks

EGO IDENTITY

The self-image formed during adolescence that integrates our ideas of what we are and what we

want to be.

IDENTITY CRISIS/CONFUSION

The failure to achieve ego identity during adolescence.

MORATORIUM

The experimental period of adolescence in which, during the task of discovering who one is as an

individual separate from family of origin and as part of the broader social context, young people try

out alternative roles before making permanent commitments to an identity

FIDELITY

Encompasses sincerity, genuineness, and a sense of duty in our relationships with other people.

ego identify vs role confusion

13-18 yrs

ego identify vs role confusion

adolescence

intimacy vs isolation

Independence from parents and begin to

function as mature, responsible adults.

intimacy vs isolation

Productive work and establish intimate

relationships.

intimacy vs isolation

Encompassed feelings of caring and

commitment

intimacy vs isolation

early adulthood

intimacy vs isolation

18-35

Feelings of isolation

Avoid social contacts and reject other

people and may even become

aggressive toward them.

LOVE

Mutual devotion in a shared identity, the

fusing of oneself with another person

• MIDLIFE CRISIS

• Regression to a stage of pseudo-intimacy - indulging themselves in childlike ways

• CARE

• Broad concern for others and believed it was manifested in the need to teach, not only to help others but also to fulfill one's identity

• To become a mentor, teacher, or guide to younger people.

• Extends beyond our immediate family

generativity vs stagnation

• Teaching and guiding the next generation

generativity vs stagnation

35-55 yrs old

generativity vs stagnation

middle adulthood

ego integrity vs despair

Evaluate the whole of our

life

ego integrity vs despair

55 over

ego integrity vs despair

maturity

EGO INTEGRITY

Accepting one’s place

and one’s past

DESPAIR

Frustration, angry about

missed opportunities and

regretful of mistakes that

cannot be rectified

WISDOM

Expressed in a detached

concern with the whole of

life