First semester final ela exam

This author had a genius for inventing comical fictional narrators

Washington Irving

His masterpiece Nature, with its emphasis on self-reliance and individuality, became the unofficial manifesto of transcendentalism

Ralph Waldo Emerson

In 1835, he married his not-yet-thirteen year old cousin Virginia

Edgar Allen Poe

His masterpiece The Scarlet Letter is a novel about sin and guilt among the early Puritans

Nathaniel Hawthorne

This author is considered to be the inventor of the modern detective story

Edgar Allen Poe

He was and still is one of the most popular poets America has ever produced

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

The death of his wife from tuberculosis threw him into a spiritual crisis and caused him to question many aspects of his life

Ralph Waldo Emerson

His novel Moby-Dick is widely regarded as one of the finest novels in American literature

Herman Melville

He advocated simple, mindful living and rejected a lifestyle dedicated to the pursuit of wealth

Henry David Thoreau

This author found inspiration in German folklore and legends

Washington Irving

This author attended the University of Virginia but was forced to leave because of gambling debts that he couldn’t pay

Edgar Allen Poe

This author’s masterpiece was The Sketch-Book, which took him to the peak of internation success

Washington Irving

He is remembered as one of America’s first environmentalists and a writer of uncommon vision

Henry David Thoreau

His poems have been criticized for offering easy comfort as the expense of illumination

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Although today he is considerd one of America’s great novelists, his work was never fully appreciated during his time

Herman Melville

Tragedy struck for this author in 1867 when his son Macolm killed himself with a pistol

Herman Melville

As a protest against the Mexican War he refused to pay his poll tax and spent a night in jail as a result

Henry David Thoreau

He got into Harvard when he was just 14 years old

Ralph Waldo Emerson

He became a sailor by the age of 19 and spent several years working aboard whaling ships

Herman Melville

he is often cited as one of the most significant writers in American history

Ralph Waldo Emerson

He was the first American to be inducted into the Poet’s Corner at Westminster Abbey

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

He spent nine years honing his writing skills on the third floor of his mother’s house, which he called his “dismal chamber”

Nathaniel Hawthorne

His ancestor was a judge for the Salem witch trials

Nathaniel Hawthorne

This author is consiered America’s first literary celebrity

Washington Irving

In 1860, this author caught a cold, beneath which lay an incurable tuberculosis

Henry David Thoreau

He is considered a master of the psychological thriller

Edgar Allen Poe

His character as a man and his focus as a writer were shaped by a sense of inherited guilt

Nathaniel Hawthorne

He is considered Transcendentalism’s most important Philosopher

Ralph Waldo Emerson

He is considered Transcendentalism’s most important Pratitioner

Henry David Th

He worked as a professor of French, Spanish, and Italian at Harvard

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

The lack of a natural father and disapproval of his foster father led to his growing moodiness

Edgar Allen Poe

He believed that evil was the dominant force in the world, and his fiction expresses a gloomy vision of human affairs

Nathaniel Hawthorne

His first two books, Typee and Omoo, were based on his adventures in the South Seas

Herman Melville

Each person should follow their own conscience, no matter how different their ideas and beliefs are from society’s

Transcendentalism

Nature is a violent, destructive force

Dark Romanticism

Drew inspiration from myths, legend, and folk-lore

Romanticism

View nature as a pathway to spiritual and moral developments

Romanticism

Supernatural entities are malevolent

Dark Romanticism

Value feelings and intution over reason and logic

Romanticism

Every individual is good and deserves the respect of all men

Transcendentalism

Nonconformists are singled out for persecution

Dark Romanticism

Intuition and conscience transcend experience and are better guides to behavior than the senses or logical reasoning

Transcendentalism

Prefer nature to artificial civilization

Romanticism

Every individual should be self-reliant and self-trustworthy

Trascendentalism

Every individual should express themselves freely

Transcendentalism

Places faith in inner-experience and the power of the imagination

Romanticism

Champions individuality and nonconformity

Romanticism

The past is not sentimentalized or nostalgically presented

Dark Romanticism

Human potential is limitless

Transcendentalism

An omni-present Over-Soul can be found in every person and all of nature

Transcendentalism

Sees poetry as the literary genre most conductive to expressing the imagination

Romanticism

People should simplify

Transcendentalism

Emphasis on the supernatural

Romanticism

Innocence can be corrupted and is a liability

Dark Romanticism

Nature is good and humans should commune with it in order to discover the lessons that it has to teach

Romanticism

Values the past and distrusts progress

Romanticism

Addressed Common men

Paine

Established UVA

Jefferson

Common Sense

Paine

Give me liberty or give me death

Henry

Middle passage/slave narrative

equiano

Religious reforms

Bradford

Purchased freedom

Equiano

Americas first celebrity

Franklin

Early opponent of British rule

Henry

Attended the college of william and Mary, became an accomplished statesman, architect, and lawyer

Jefferson

Helped to plan and finance the voyage of the mayflower

bradford

Helped craft the mayflower compact

bradford

Succesful print shop owner and editor of the Pennsylvania gazette by age 24

Franklin

Remarkable, adventurous life as an explorer, soldier and sailor

Equiano

Served as America’s first secretary of state, second VP, and third president

Jefferson

One of the first poets in the American colonies

Bradstreet

Self taught lawyer admitted to the bar at age 24

Henry

Responsible for the first public library, bifocals, and fire brigade

Franklin

Elected governor of his colony over 30 times

Bradford

Doubled the size of the nation by authorizing the louisiana purchase

Jefferson

The youngest of 15 children in his family

Franklin

This poet was married at age 16 and 2 years later immigrated to the American colonies

Bradstreet

He was effective in forging alliances with the Native American tribes such as the wampanoag

Bradford

Washington ordered this authors essay lead to his troops before they crossed the delaware river to attack the hessians

Paine

This poets early work, imitative and convention in both form and content, is largely unremarkable and was long considered primarily of historical interests.

bradstreet

Wrote what is known today as the first great African autobiography, which helped expose the cruelty of the slave trade.

Equiano

AS the oldest founding father, he was already 70 years old when he was asked to help draft the Declaration of Independence

franklin

He designed his own home, called monticello

Jefferson

Served as the governor of Virginia and member of the Virginia general assembly

JeffersonHe d

He declined the positions of secretary of state and supreme court justice offered to him by george washington

Henry

Died on the morning of July 4th 1826, Fifty years after signing of the declaration of independence

Jefferson

Their later poetry focuses on the internal struggle between desiring the pleasures of the world and focusing on the promise of heaven

Bradstreet

His last major work, the age of reason, attacked organized religion and alienated many of his supporters

Paine

In january 1776 he wrote common sense, in which he argued that the Americans must fight for their independence

Paine

This writers broth in law took their book of poetry to England and published them in 1650 under the title “The tenth muse, lately sprung up in America”

Bradstreet

People are basically good not evil

Age of reason

Wealth and sucess are evidence of gods grace

puritanism

They lived by a theocracy, which is a government based on the word of god

Puritanism

Believed in human progress and perfectibility

Age of reason

Believed in the human capacity to reason

Age of reason

Felt that humans are inherently evil due to original sin

puritanism

Humans can arrive at truth independent of past knowledge

Age of reason

Humans exist for the glory of god

puritanism

God is extremely active in human affairs

Puritanism