Family Violence & Substance Use Disorders

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to Family Violence, Child Abuse and Neglect, Elder Abuse, Human Trafficking, and Substance Use Disorders based on the lecture notes.

Family Violence (FV)

Abusive behavior by one individual toward another in an intimate or family relationship.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

A term for family violence specifically referring to abuse between partners.

Domestic Violence (DV)

A term for family violence typically referring to abuse within a household.

Child abuse/neglect

A category of family violence specific to infants, children, or adolescents.

Elder abuse/neglect

A category of family violence specific to individuals typically 65 years or older.

Physical abuse/exposure to violence

A way family violence can occur, involving nonaccidental injuries.

Stalking

A way family violence can occur, involving persistent unwanted attention or harassment.

Emotional/psychological abuse/neglect

A way family violence can occur, causing mental anguish through ridicule, threats, or intimidation, controlling behavior, and isolation.

Sexual abuse/violence

A way family violence can occur, involving nonconsensual or exploitive sexual contact.

Neglect/abandonment

A way family violence can occur, involving the willful or unwillful failure to provide necessities.

Medical/dental neglect

A specific form of neglect where necessary medical or dental treatment is withheld.

Financial exploitation

A way family violence can occur, involving the illegal or improper use of an individual's funds or assets.

Physical Neglect

Willful or unwillful failure of the caregiver or parents to provide necessities to individuals in their care, including abandonment; medical, dental, and deprivation neglect.

Physical Violence

Nonaccidental injuries on family members by parents, caregivers, spouses, or siblings.

Sexual Violence

Nonconsensual or exploitive sexual contact, including sexual intercourse, oral sex, fondling, or pornographic activities on one family member by another.

Emotional Abuse

Mental anguish and despair caused by ridicule, threats, intimidation, and humiliation, including controlling behavior and isolation.

Child Abuse

Words or actions that cause harm or potential harm to an infant, child, or adolescent; includes sex trafficking and prenatal exposure to substance abuse in the U.S.

Child Neglect

Failure to provide a child’s basic physical, emotional, educational, and medical needs.

Dental Neglect

The willful failure of a parent or guardian to seek and follow through with treatment necessary to ensure a level of oral health essential for adequate function and freedom from pain and infection, applicable to children, adults, or elders needing help.

Intraoral Signs of Child Sexual Abuse

Lacerations of tongue, palates, mucosa; lingual & labial frenal tears; burns; fractured or displaced teeth; radiographic evidence of fractures often at varying degrees of healing.

Dental Prevention Neglect

A form of dental neglect where preventative care is withheld from a patient.

Dental Treatment Neglect

A form of dental neglect where necessary dental treatment is withheld from a patient.

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP)

A condition where a parent/caregiver fabricates or induces disease on a child, often difficult to diagnose, with the perpetrator wanting to progress to more invasive procedures.

Human Trafficking

A global public health issue and a form of child abuse where perpetrators are often not family and target individuals with histories of abuse/neglect, lack of support, or who are homeless/undocumented.

Elder Abuse

Abuse occurring in the home, institutions, and community settings, targeting individuals typically 65 years or older, encompassing physical, psychological, sexual abuse, and financial exploitation.

Mandated Reporter

Healthcare workers who are legally and ethically required to report suspicion or evidence of abuse or neglect in children, the elderly, disabled, and any vulnerable individual.

PANDA (Prevention Abuse and Neglect through Dental Awareness)

A training program available for dental healthcare professionals to recognize and report abuse and neglect.

AVDR (Ask, Validate, Document, Refer)

A training program for dental healthcare professionals to identify and address abuse and neglect.

Project RADAR (Routinely ask about abuse)

A training program for dental healthcare professionals that emphasizes asking directly about violence, documenting findings, assessing safety, and reviewing options and referrals.

Substance Addiction

The abuse of drugs or alcohol consumed in large amounts over time, leading to changes in brain chemistry (dopamine/endorphins) and a reduced ability to feel pleasure, resulting in a cycle of dependence.

Substance Use Disorder (SUD)

A broad term for substance addiction, which can affect anyone regardless of class, culture, socioeconomic status, or educational profile.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Syndrome (FASD)

A condition where infants born with prenatal exposure to alcohol can experience physical, social, psychological, and intellectual disabilities.

Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)

Tools dentists should utilize to promote the appropriate use of controlled substances and help prevent opioid addiction.

Cannabinoids

A common category of abused drugs, including marijuana, available in various forms.

Depressants

A category of abused drugs, such as alcohol, that slow down the central nervous system.

Hallucinogens

A category of abused drugs that alter perception and mood.

Dissociative Anesthetics

A category of abused drugs that distort perceptions of sight and sound and produce feelings of detachment from the environment or self.

MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly)

A common drug of abuse often classified as an empathogen-entactogen or stimulant.

Morphine Derivatives

A category of abused drugs, including heroin, prescription opioids, and codeine, which are potent pain relievers with high addiction potential.

Stimulants

A category of abused drugs, such as methamphetamine (meth, speed) and synthetic cathinones (bath salts), that increase activity in the central nervous system.

Inhalants

A category of abused drugs often derived from household products whose fumes are inhaled for a mind-altering effect.

Oral Manifestations of Commonly Abused Substances

Clinical signs observable in the mouth during an intraoral/extraoral examination that can indicate substance use, such as rampant decay or specific drug effects on pupils.