forensics cell biology

Where is a storage sac located

Vacuole

Site for protein synthesis

Ribosome

Site for ATP production

Mitochondria

Site for ribosome production

Nucleolus

Site for lipid synthesis ,detoxification, and calcium storage

Smooth ER

Contains digestive enzymes

Lysosome

Site for glucose production

Chloroplast

Which region of phospholipids is hydrophobic

Fatty acids

Which molecules pass easily through the phospholipid bilayer

Non polar molecules

Which type of microscope would be used to see the ribosomes embedded on the rough ER

TEM

What would you expect to happen to a potato cube that is placed in a salt solution

It will lose water

Which type of solution would cause a blood cell to burst

Hypotonic

In which type of solution is there a higher concentration of water inside the cell

Hypertonic

Which type of solution is preferred by plant cells

Hypotonic

Which of the following is needed for active transport

Transport protein, ATP

Short answer:16. What component of the plasma membrane is needed to prevent the phospholipids from sticking to each other?

Cholesterol prevents phospholipids from sticking together and helps maintain membrane fluidity.

Short answer : What is the name of the protein that moves water through the plasma membrane?

Aquaporin: a protein channel that moves water through the membrane.

Short answer 18: What is used to move proteins made in the rough ER to the golgi apparatus for processing?

Transport vesicles, they carry proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus.

Short answer 19: How are the mitochondria and the chloroplast different from the other organelles in the cell?

They have their own DNA and ribosomes, mitochondria and chloroplasts can make some of their own proteins and are thought to have originated from bacteria.

Short answer 20:What are the functions of proteins found in the plasma membrane

Membrane proteins help with transporting substances, cell communication/signaling, cell recognition,And attaching cells together

Importance of cell

All organisms are made of cells, they are the basic unit of structure in living organisms

Prokaryotic cells

Have no nucleus, no rough ER, no smooth ER and no membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic cells

Has nucleus, bigger in size, came after prokaryotic, in humans

Two types of microscopes

Light microscopes, electron microscopes

SEM microscope

Scanning, for surface

TEM microscope

Transmission, see inside cell

Plasma membrane

Outer boundary of cell, regulates what going in and out

Plasma membrane has a selectively permeable….

….phospholipid bilayer

Why does the surface area to volume ratio of cells must be low in plasma membranes

To support the cells

Cytoplasm (cytosol)

Liquid (mostly water) that takes up empty space. In eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells,

Nucleus

Control center, DNA, makes ribosomes

What is the nuclear envelope

The nucleus membrane

Nuclear poles

Allow things to move in and out of nucleus

Ribosomes

Either attached to rough ER or floating in lytosol, makes proteins, not a membrane bound organelle, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Rough ER

Rough because of ribosomes on its surface, helps produce proteins, not in prokaryotic cells

Smooth ER

No ribosomes, makes lipids, stores minerals like calcium, not in prokaryotic cells

Golgi apparatus

Receives vesicles, only in eukaryotic cells

Lysosomes

Digestive organelle, break as down foods and “foreign invaders”, often in phagocytes, eukaryotic cells only.

Vacuole

Plants have, big, for storage mostly water, eukaryotic cells

Mitochondria

Power house, ATP, cellular respiration makes ATP, needs O2 and glucose, has own DNA, evolved from bacteria, not in prokaryotic

Chloroplasts

Only in plants, photosynthesis, glucose, own DNA

Cytoskeleton

Shape and framework, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules, all cells have

Cell wall

Thick, protects cells mostly from bursting, animal cells don’t have, eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Phospholipid bilayer

Antipathic molecule

Membrane components

Phospholipids, proteins, (3 functions), cholesterol

Passive transport

Diffusion: tendency of molecules to spread out evenly into the available

Isotonic

Same/ equal concentration of solute

Hypotonic

Once traction of solute outside cell is lower than inside

Hypertonic

Concentration of solute outside cell is higher than inside

Cells without cell wall

Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic

Facilitated diffusion

Passive transport that requires use of a protein (no energy), Carrier proteins, channel proteins

Active transport

Uses energy to move solutes against their concentration gradient

Bulk transport

Endocytosis (phagocytosis, pinoctyosis) exocytosis

Osmosis

Diffusion of water