NCE Lifestyle and Career Development Prep

Lifestyle and career development have been emphasized

Since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concern

One trend is that women are moving into more careers that in the past were populated by males. Women workers are often impacted by the “glass ceiling phenomenon.” Assuming that a counselor’s behavior is influenced by the phenomenon, which statement would he most likely make when conducting a career counseling session with a female client who wants to advance to a higher position?

“Let’s be rational: A woman can only advance so far. You really have very little if any chance of becoming a corporate executive. I’m here to help you cope with this reality”

Most research in the area of career development and its relationship to students indicates that

A very high proportion of students in high school and at the junior high or middle school level wanted guidance in planning a career. Career interests are most stable after college.

A dual-career family (or dual-worker couple) is one in which both partners have jobs to which they are committed on a somewhat continuous basis. Which statement is true of dual-career families?

Dual-career families have higher incomes than the so-called traditional family in which only one partner is working

In the dual-career family, partners seem to be more self-sufficient than in the traditional family. In a dual-career household, the woman

Is typically secure in her career before she has children

Studies indicate that

Students want more vocational guidance than they receive

Statistics reveal that

On average, a worker with a bachelor’s degree earns over $10,000 a year more than a worker with a high school diploma

When professional career counselors use the term leisure they technically mean

The time the client has away from work which is not being utilized for obligations

In terms of leisure time and dual-career families,

Dual-career families have less lesiure time

A client who says, “I feel I can’t really become an administrator in our agency because I am a woman,” is showing an example of

Gender bias

One major category of career theory is known as the trait-factor (also called the trait-and-factor) approach. It has also been dubbed the actuarial or matching approach. This approach

Attempts to match the worker and the work environment (job factors). The approach thus makes the assumption that there is one best or single career for the person

The trait-and-factor career counseling, actuarial, or matching approach (which matches clients with a job) is associated with

Parsons and Williamson

The trait-and-factor or actuarial approach asserts that

B and C

In 1909 a landmark book entitled Choosing a Vocation was released. The book was written by Frank Parsons. Parsons has been called

The Father of Vocational Guidance

Which statement isn’t true of the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling?

The approach is developmental and thus focuses on career maturity

Edmund Griffith Williamson’s work (or the so-called Minnesota Viewpoint) purports to be scientific and didactic, utilizing test data from instruments such as the

Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales

The trait-and-factor approach fails to take ______ into account

Individual change throughout the lifespan

Anne Roe suggested a personality approach to career choice

Based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need

Roe was the first career specialist to utilize a 2D system of occupational classification utilizing

Fields and levels

All of the following are examples of Anne Roe’s “fields” except

Unskilled

All of the following are examples of Anne Roe’s “levels” except

Outdoor

Roe spoke of three basic parenting styles: overprotective, avoidant, or acceptant. The result is that the child

Will develop a personality which gravitates (i.e., moves) toward people or away from people

Roe’s theory relies on Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the sense that in terms of career choice,

Lower order needs take precedence over higher order needs

Some support for Roe’s theory comes from

The Rorschach and the TAT

In terms of genetics, Roe’s theory would assert that

Genetics help to determine intelligence and education, and hence this influences one’s career choice

According to Anne Roe, who categorized occupations by fields and levels,

The choice of a career helps to satisfy an individual’s needs

A 37-year-old Caucasian male states during a counseling session that he is working as a clerk at Main Street Plumbing. This verbalization depicts the client’s

Job or position

Roe recognized the role of the unconscious mind in terms of career choice. Another theorist who emphasized the unconscious processes in this area of study was

Bordin

Edwin Bordin felt that difficulties related to job choice

Are indicative of neurotic symptoms

Another career theorist who drew upon psychoanalytic doctrines was A.A. Brill. Brill emphasized _____ as an ego-defense mechanism

Sublimation

A client who becomes a professional football player because he unconsciously likes to hurt people would be utilizing _____ according to Brill’s theory of career choice

Sublimation

Today, the most popular approach to career choice reflects

The work of John Holland

Holland categorized ______ personality orientations which correspond to analogous work environments.

6

Most experts in the field of career counseling would classify Roe, Brill, and Holland as _____ theorists.

Personality

Counselors who support John Holland’s approach believe that

An appropriate job allows one to express their personality

Holland mentioned six modal orientations: artistic, conventional, enterprising, investigative, realistic, and social. A middle school counselor is most likely

Social

Holland’s theory would predict that the vice president of the US would be

Enterprising

A client who wishes to work on an assembly line would fit into Holland’s ______ typology

Realistic

Hollan’ds psychological needs career personality theory would say that a research chemist is primarily the ____ type.

Investigative

Holland’s artistic type seems to value feelings over pure intellect or cognitive ability. Which of the following clients would not be best described via the artistic typology.

A 33-year-old female drill press operator

Holland did indeed believe in career stereotypes. In other words, the person psychologically defines themselves via a given job. Thus, a bookkeeper or a clerical worker would primarily fit into the _____ category.

Conventional

In regard to an individual’s behavioral style or so-called modal orientation, Holland believed that

Most people are not pure personality types and thus can best be described by a distribution of types such as Realistic, Social, Investigative (RSI)

Holland believed that

A given occupation will tend to attract persons with similar personalities

Holland relied on a personality theory of career choice. Hoppock’s theory, based on the work of _____ is also considered a personality approach.

Henry Murray

Developmental career theorists view career choice as an ongoing or so-called longitudinal process rather than a single decision made at one point in time. The pioneer theorists in this area, who were the first to forsake the matching models, were

Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma

Ginzberg and his colleagues now believe in a development model of career choice which asserts that

All of the above

Initially, Ginzberg and his associates viewed career choice as irreversible and the result of compromises between wishes and realistic possibilities. This theory identified three stages of career development

Fantasy (birth - 11), tentative (ages 11 - 17), and realistic (ages 17 - early 20s)

The most popular developmental career theorist is Donald Super. Super emphasizes

The self-concept

Super’s theory emphasizes ____ life stages

5

Super’s theory includes

The life-career rainbow

Research into the phenomenon of career maturity reflects the work of

John Crites

The decision-making theory, which refers to periods of anticipation and implementation/adjustment, was proposed by

David Tiedeman and Robert O’Hara

John Krumboltz postulated a social learning approach to career choice. This model is based mainly on the work of

Albert Bandura

The model Krumboltz suggested is

A behavioristic model of career development

A counselor who favors a behavioristic mode of career counseling would most likely

Suggest a site visit to a work setting

A fairly recent model to explain career development is the decision approach. The Gelatt Decision Model created by Harry B. Gelatt refers to information as the “fuel of the decision.” The Gelatt Model asserts that information can be organized into three systems

Predictive, value, and decision

In the Gelatt Model, the predictive system deals with

Alternatives and the probability of outcomes

Linda Gottfredson’s developmental theory of career focuses on

Circumscription and compromise theory

The leading method adults use to find career information in the US is

By securing information via the newspaper

When career counselors speak of the OOH, they are referring to

The Occupational Outlook Handbook

At its zenith, the DOT listed

Approximately 30,000 job titles

In the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, each job was given a ____ digit code

9

The DOT was first published by the Department of Labor in 1939. The first three digits in a DOT code referred to

An occupational group

You are working as a counselor for a major university. A student wants detailed statistics about the average wages in their state. The best resource would be

The Bureau of Labor Statistics website

A counselor who is interested in trends in the job market should consult the

OOH

A counselor wants to suggest an easy-to-read source for a client in search of career information. The counselor should recommend

OOH

A counselor with a master’s degree who is working for minimum wage at a fast-food restaurant due to a lack of jobs in the field is a victim of

Underemployment

The OOH contains approximately 800 job descriptions. Job trends suggest that

Service jobs will account for virtually all the job growth

The Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE) was published by the US Department of Labor. The guide lists groups of jobs listed in

14 interest areas

Self-efficacy theory is based on the work of

Albert Bandura

SIGI Plus, Choices, and Discover are

Computer Assisted Career Guidance Systems (CACG)

A client who likes her flower arranging job begins doing flower arranging in her spare time on weekends and after work. This phenomenon is best described as

Spillover

A male client who hates his job is trying desperately to be the perfect father, husband, and family man. This phenomenon is best described as

The compensatory effect

The National Vocational Guidance Association was founded in 1913. It was fused with other organizations in 1952 to become

APGA

Lifestyle includes

All of the above

The Strong Interest Inventory (SCII) is based on John Holland’s theory. The test assumes that a person who is interested in a given subject will experience

Satisfaction in a job in which those working in the occupation have similar interests

The Self-Directed Search (SDS) is

All of the above

At a case staffing, one career counselor says to another, “The client’s disability suggests she can only physically handle sedentary work.” This technically implies

The client will not need to lift over 10 pounds

The notion of the hidden job market would suggest that

Most jobs aren’t advertised

An SDS score will reveal

The individual’s three highest scores based on Holland’s personality types

As you walk into a professional seminar on career counseling, you note that the instructor is drawing a hexagon on the blackboard. The instructor is most likely discussing

John Holland

The Strong is considered an Interest inventory. So is…

The Kuder, created by George Frederic Kuder

The US Employment Service created the

GATB

Occupational aptitude tests such as the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test Battery (ASVAB), and the ONET Ability Profiler grew out of the

Trait-and-factor movement related to career counseling

A client says she has always stayed home and raised her children. Now the children are grown and she is seeking employment. She is best described as

As a displaced homemaker

According to the concept of wage discrimination…

Women make less than men for doing the same job

According to the concept of occupational sex segregation…

Most women hold low paying jobs with low status

A counselor advises a female to steer clear of police work as he feels this is a male occupation. This suggests

Counselor bias based on gender bias

Most research would suggest that a woman who has the same intelligence, skills, and potential as a man will often

Have lower career aspirations than a man

A displaced homemaker might have grown children or

A and B

Midlife career change

Is not that unusual

The term reentry woman would best describe

A 29-year-old female who was babysitting in her home but is currently working at a fast-food restaurant

A counselor doing multicultural career counseling should be aware

Of their own ethnocentric biases

In terms of the labor market…

B and C

SIGI Plus is…

A computer career program known as the System of Interactive Guidance and Information that allows students to conduct a self-assessment and explore career options

A career counselor who is helping a client design a resume

Should emphasize the importance of a cover letter

Most experts would agree that a resume

Is like an art project and must look good

The concept of job clubs as promoted by Azrin et al….

Is very behavioristic

Which counselor would most likely say that we choose a job to meet our needs?

Robert Hoppock

All of the following are difficulties with career testing except

The tests all take at least three hours to administer