Physical Measurements, Temperature, and Energy

Vocabulary flashcards created from lecture notes covering volume, density, temperature scales, thermal properties, and energy conversion factors.

Volume

A measure of space with units such as L, mL, μL, and $cm^3$, which changes with temperature and has a standard volume set at room temperature ($20\,^\circ\text{C}$).

Tools for Measuring Volume

Laboratory apparatus used for measuring volume, including the graduated cylinder, buret, volumetric flask, and syringe.

Density

The ratio of the mass of an object to its volume, defined as $\text{Density} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}}$, with the SI unit of $kg/m^3$.

Temperature Effect on Density

The relationship where density generally decreases as temperature increases and volume expands, with water being an exception (ice floats on water).

Celsius Scale

A temperature scale where water freezes at $0\,^\circ\text{C}$ and boils at $100\,^\circ\text{C}$.

Kelvin Scale

A temperature scale with Absolute Zero at $0\,K$, where water freezes at $273.15\,K$ and boils at $373.15\,K$.

Absolute Zero

The temperature defined as $0\,K$ on the Kelvin scale.

Temperature

A measure of how hot or cold an object is.

Heat Transfer

The movement of energy (heat) from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature.

Thermal Expansion and Contraction

The property where most substances expand when temperature increases and contract when temperature decreases, with water as an exception.

Energy

The capacity to do work or produce heat, measured in units of J, KJ, and cal.

Joule to Calorie Conversion

The conversion factor where $1\,J = 0.2390\,cal$.

Calorie to Joule Conversion

The conversion factor where $1\,cal = 4.184\,J$.