Historical Foundations in Child Development (Early Philosophers, Locke, Rousseau, Industrial Revolution)

Flashcards covering early philosophers (Plato, Aristotle), John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the impact of the Industrial Revolution on child development.

According to the early philosophers, what determines the welfare of society in relation to children?

The welfare of society depends on how children are reared, including discipline and self-control.

Which classic Greek philosopher believed that society's welfare is tied to how children are raised, with an emphasis on discipline?

Plato.

Which philosopher argued that child rearing should fit the needs of the child and promote self-control?

Aristotle.

Which philosopher is described as believing children possess innate or basic knowledge?

Plato.

Which philosopher is associated with the idea that knowledge comes from experience (empiricism)?

John Locke.

What is Locke's recommended order for discipline and freedom in child development?

Discipline first, then gradually increase the child's freedom.

According to Locke, what qualities should parents model for their children?

Honesty, stability, and gentleness.

What is Rousseau's humanistic approach to child development?

Give the child maximum freedom from the beginning and allow learning through spontaneous interactions with objects and other people; no formal education until about age 12.

At approximately what age does Rousseau suggest formal education should begin?

Around age 12.

What historical period spurred concerns about child welfare and contributed to early child development research?

The Industrial Revolution and associated social reform movements.

During the Industrial Revolution, what age range of children were commonly working in coal mines and factories?

3 to 12 years old.

What were the typical conditions of child labor during this era?

Unhealthy and dangerous.

What was a key consequence of concerns about child labor in this period?

Led to some of the earliest research on child development.