ADHD and learning disability

Learning Disabilities

basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written,

most common learning disability

dyslexia

Specific Learning Disabilities

•Reading (dyslexia)

•Written expression (dysgraphia)

•Math (dyscalculia)

Persistent impairment

dyslexia

•Word reading accuracy

Reading rate/fluency

•DEC spelling, DEC fluent word recognition

•DEC working memory

dysgraphia

•Impaired spelling

•Difficulties recognizing/writing letters

•Difficulty organizing writing

•Difficulty expressing thoughts in writing

dyscalculia

limitations with:

•Number sense

•Memorizing simple math facts

•Accurate or fluent calculations

____of children with LD are ____

2/3

male

Learning disabilites ore common among _____

Black children

Risk factors for learning disablitlies

•Prenatal exposure to alcohol and drugs

•Poor infant nutrition

•Infant exposure to lead

•Limited support for brain development in years before school

Early detection is important to decrease the_______ that may arise

emotional and behavior issues

What is ADHD?

Inappropriate developmental levels of inattention and distractibility and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

•Average onset = 7 years old

Most common neurobiological disorder of childhood

ADHD

Males ______ than girls to have ADHD, twice as likely to be diagnosed

4x more likely

ADHD Types

•ADHD Combined

•ADHD Predominantly inattentive

•ADHD Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive

•ADHD Other specified or unspecified

ADHD diagnosis

•Symptoms must be present prior to age 12

•For adult diagnoses, fewer symptoms required

•Diagnoses as young as 2 years of age

•No single test

___more likely to have inattentive type

girls

____ more likely to have hyperactive and/or impulsive type

boys

Inattentive Signs

•Misses details

•Difficulty sustaining attention

•Appears to not be listening

•Easily sidetracked

Hyperactive -Impulsive Signs

•Fidgets (body, hands, feet)

•Difficulty remaining seated

•Restless and runs around

Academic underachievement (ADHD)

Verbal memory, listening comprehension, organization of verbal and written language, pragmatic language, and reading

___ of children with ADHD are at risk of other disorders (co-exsisting condions)

80%

ADHD Presents differently as an adult

•Decreased overactivity and hyperactivity and impulsivity

•Still attention limitations and disorganization

•Increased risk taking (driving)

•Workplace problems