Controlling biotic Factors | AQA A-Level Environmental Science Revision | Primrose Kitten Flashcard set · 18 terms · by Primrose_Kitten

An organism negatively impacting farmed species.

Pest

Methods to reduce or eradicate pest populations.

Pest Control

Synthetic substances used to kill pests.

Chemical Pesticides

Non-chemical methods to manage pest populations.

Cultural Pest Control

Pests usually present in small numbers.

Endemic

Pests appearing in large, rapid outbreaks.

Epidemic

Organisms naturally found in an area.

Indigenous

Organisms not naturally found, often introduced.

Non-indigenous

Changing crop species each season/year.

Crop Rotation

Crops planted alongside harvestable crops for benefits.

Companion Crops

Crops planted to attract pests away from harvestables.

Sacrificial Crops

Areas created to support natural pest predators.

Predator Habitats

Introducing non-native predators/pathogens to control pests.

Biological Control

Sterilizing males to reduce pest reproduction.

Sterile Male Technique

Traps using artificial scents to attract insects.

Pheromone Traps

Predators of aphids, common crop pests.

Ladybirds

Used to sterilize male insects in pest control.

Gamma Radiation

Organism that consumes plants, affecting crop yields.

Herbivore

Microorganism causing disease in crops/livestock.

Pathogen

Organism living on or in a host, harming it.

Parasite

Organism that hunts and consumes other organisms.

Predator

Introduced to Australia, problematic invasive species.

Cane Toads

Targeted by Cactoblastis Moth for biological control.

Prickly Pear Cactus

Introduced to control rabbit populations in Australia.

Myxomatosis Virus

Harlequin ladybirds introduced to Europe, invasive risk.

Ladybird Introduction

Plantings that provide habitats for pest predators.

Hedgerows

Health of soil, affected by crop choices.

Soil Fertility

A calculation to measure species diversity in an area.

Simpson's Diversity Index

Breeding individuals with desirable traits for offspring.

Selective Breeding

Creating transgenic organisms by transferring genes.

Genetic Modification

Species closely related to crops, found in biodiversity hotspots.

Crop Wild Relatives

A group of pesticides known for environmental persistence.

Organochlorines

Pesticides that disrupt nervous system function in pests.

Organophosphates

Synthetic pesticides modeled after natural pyrethrins.

Pyrethroids

Pesticides affecting insect nervous systems, often controversial.

Neonicotinoids

Pesticides applied to plant surfaces, affecting pests directly.

Contact Pesticides

Pesticides absorbed by plants, affecting pests internally.

Systemic Pesticides

Used to treat infections and promote growth in animals.

Antibiotics in Livestock

Inability of bacteria to be treated by antibiotics.

Bacterial Resistance

Pesticides targeting biological processes to kill pests.

Hormonal Pesticides

Combining multiple pest control techniques for efficiency.

Integrated Pest Management

Methods to protect pollinators essential for crop breeding.

Pollinator Conservation

Organisms in soil, crucial for nutrient cycling.

Soil Biota

Predators and other factors that regulate pest populations.

Natural Control Mechanisms

Large number of animals in a confined space.

High Stocking Density

Organisms that break down dead organic matter.

Decomposers

Organisms that feed on decomposing organic material.

Detritivores

Land set aside to support pollinator food sources.

Flowering Plant Land

Structures built to encourage bee population growth.

Bee Hives

Process by which organisms use oxygen to break down food.

Aerobic Respiration

Living components affecting ecosystems, like pests and pollinators.

Biotic Factors

Organisms that negatively impact crops, like herbivores.

Pest Species

Organisms that help spread plant seeds for reproduction.

Seed Dispersers