Colonial Latin America: The Era of the Carolina Reforms

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and terms from the lecture notes on Colonial Latin America, focusing on the Era of the Carolina Reforms.

Tupac Amaru II

A leader of an indigenous uprising against Spanish colonial rule in the late 18th century.

The Enlightenment

An intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition; played a significant role in revolutionary thought.

Bourbon reforms

Reforms enacted by the Spanish Crown in the 18th century aimed at improving administration and increasing revenue in its colonies.

The Comuneros

A group that staged a revolt in the colonies against colonial authorities and Spanish policies in the late 18th century.

Leeward Islands

A group of islands in the Caribbean that were significant for colonial powers in terms of sugar production and trade.

Philip V

The first Bourbon king of Spain, who implemented significant reforms during his reign.

The Carib

Indigenous people of the Caribbean islands known for their resistance to European colonization.

Bogotá

The capital of Colombia and historical center of Spanish colonial administration in the Viceroyalty of New Granada.

Caracas

The capital of Venezuela and significant urban center during the colonial period.

Ferdinand VI

King of Spain noted for his peaceful reign and attempt at maintaining colonial stability.

Buenos Aires

The capital of Argentina and a major port during Spanish colonial times.

Pombaline Reforms

Reforms instituted in Portuguese Brazil under the Marquis of Pombal to modernize the economy and administration.

Rio de Janeiro

A key urban center in Brazil that became increasingly important during the colonial period.

Tiradentes

A martyr for Brazilian independence who was executed by the Portuguese for leading a conspiracy against colonial rule.

Creole

People of European descent born in the colonies, who sought greater power and autonomy from Spanish rule.

Viceroyalty of New Granada

One of the administrative divisions created by Spain, covering parts of modern-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama.

Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata

An administrative region created by Spain in 1776 to manage its territories in southern South America.

Manumission

The act of a slave owner freeing their slaves.

Pampa

A vast plain in Argentina, central to agricultural production in the colonial period.

Cabildo

A local council of municipal authority in colonial Latin American towns that also served as a form of self-government.

Bourbon Kings

The Spanish monarchs from the Bourbon dynasty who ruled during the period of the reforms in the 18th century.

Peace of Paris

Treaties that ended conflicts and established boundaries between European colonies in the Americas and their imperial powers.

Expulsion of the Jesuits

The removal of Jesuit priests from Spanish territories in the 18th century due to concerns over their wealth and influence.