PSY 130 Final

_____ is when you let your gaze follow a moving object.

Tracking

The _____ system describes the route where movement is detected across the reina

retinal movement system

The _____ system describes the route where movement is detected using obth the eyes and head.

eye-head movement

The core proposal of Helmholtz’s theory of motion perception is that precpetion is based on comparing _____ with a copy of the signal from the ____ telling the eye muscle to move.

retinal image motion, brain

The core proposal of Sherrington’s theory of motion perception is that perception is based on comparing _____ with ______ to determine whether objects in the real world have moved.

retinal image motion, eye muscle movement

_____ cells are senstivie to movement.

V5

The _____ illusion is if you look at something is moving in one direction for a white, stationary things appear to move in the opposite direction

waterfall

In MAE (motion after-effect) prolonged stimulation (e.g., downward motion) fatigues the 'down' detector, so a stationary pattern subsequently excites the 'up' detector more, causing a perception of _______ motion.

upward

_____ motion is the illusion of motion created by rapidly presenting a series of stationary images

apparent

_____ is a visual illusion where a stationary object appears to move because of the motion of a nearby or surrounding object

induced movement

The _____ effect is when the wheel appears to turn backwards because the spokes move so far between frames that the visual system matches a spoke to the one behind it.

wagon wheel effect

______ is when one has "motion blindness"

akinetopsia

Objects that are further away from you than your fixation point are said to have _____ disparity

positive or uncrossed

The _____ the disparity, the closer or farther the object must be.

greater

Objects that are closer to you than your fixation point are said to have _____ disparity

negative or crossed

Bela Julesz's random dot stereograms found that extraction of disparity can _______ the extraction of contour or form

precede

______ is the inability to perceive depth through 3D vision

stereoblindness

A common reason for stereo-blindness is a ____ or ___ during early life, which inhibits brain form learning to fuse the two eyes’ images.

squint, lazy eye (straibismus)

True or False: the brain always assumes that light comes from above.

true

The two cues to depth are ____ and _____.

oculomotot, visual

In the accommodative cues to distance the lens is ____ when viewing a far object and the lens is ____ when viewing a near object.

flattened, widened

In order to converge the eyes, the eyes turn ____ while for divergence, the eye turn ____.

inwards, outwards

True or false: oculomotor cues are good for long distances

false

Binocular cues are available when ____ eyes are used

both

Motion parallax is when closer objects seem to move ___ while objects father away move ____.

faster, slower

_______ is the perception fo relative depth from binocular vision

Stereopsis

A ____ is the imaginary surface in space where all points are seen as a single image because their retinal images fall on "corresponding points" on both retinas. This prevents double vision

horopter

Objects on horopter have ____ disparity

zero

An _____ is imaginary surface in space where all points are seen as a single image because their retinal images fall on "corresponding points" on both retinas

anaglyph

An ___ is a single-image 2D picture that creates the illusion of a 3D scene by using a repeating pattern

autostereogram

Some cells in ____ are sesntivie to disparity.

V1

_____ is a condition where a person sees two separate images of the same object

diplopia

_____% of people in the population do not binocular disparity

5

True or False: people who do not have binocular disparity are not able to have depth percpetion

false

What is one way to test if seomone has binocular disparity?

show them a 3D movie (they would not be able to see 3D)

______ is when you present 2 stimuli simultaneously and measure preference with looking time.

Preferential looking

_____ use electrodes on the scalp to measure electrical activity in babies.

VEPs

_____ spatial frequency refers to when luminance changes slowly across space

low

_____ spatial frequency refers to when luminance changes fast across space

high

Acuity progress up until _____ years of age

8

Vernier acuity depends on development of the ___ brain area.

V1

According to VEPs, there is no orientation tuning in babies until they are ___ old.

6 weeks

The ____ of grating is how much you are shifting the grating/orientation in space

phase

Babies can prefernetially look at the direction that is the odd-man-out at _____ old. 

12 weeks

Babies respond to looming (impending collision) with avoidance response at ______ old

1-2 months

Babies show aversion to depth (visual cliff) at ______ old.

6 months

Baby is able to track motion of purely stereo-defined stimuli at______

4-6 months

After _____, babies are able to differentiate between humans but not monkeys

10 months

_____ is when one become more specialized to human faces and lose the ability to discriminate between other species’ faces

perceptual narrowing

Contour integration does not develop until _____ of age.

5-10 years

____ month olds but not ____ month olds dishabituate to a change between illusory and non-illusory contours

5, 7

In terms of feature detection, when understanding preferential looking studies, orientation tuning (is/is not) present in newborns

is

In terms of feature detection, when understanding VEP studies, orientation tuning (is/is not) present in newborns until 6 weeks

is not