Osteopathic Medicine Review (DIRTY OMM)

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the core tenets of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM), diagnostic criteria, spinal laws, sensory receptors, viscerosomatic reflexes, and clinical special tests.

TART Criteria

The diagnostic criteria used to identify somatic dysfunction, consisting of Tissue texture changes, Asymmetry, Restricted range of motion, and Tenderness.

Physiologic Barrier

The limit of range of motion achievable by active motion of the patient.

Anatomic Barrier

The limit of range of motion achievable by passive motion of the patient; motion beyond this barrier results in tissue damage.

Restrictive Barrier

An abnormal limit of range of motion achievable by active motion of the patient, caused by somatic dysfunction.

Ease

The direction in which a segment or group prefers to move; somatic dysfunctions are named for this direction.

Bind

The opposite direction of the Ease, representing the direction a segment or group does NOT prefer to move.

Fryette's Law #1

Applies to neutral segments in a group; sidebending and rotation occur in opposite directions.

Fryette's Law #2

Applies to flexed or extended segments in a single pair; sidebending and rotation occur in the same direction.

Direct Treatment

Osteopathic treatment directed towards the restrictive barrier (the bind) and away from the ease.

Indirect Treatment

Osteopathic treatment directed away from the restrictive barrier (the bind) and toward the ease.

Meissner Corpuscle

A large, myelinated sensory receptor that adapts quickly, located in hairless skin, and functions for fine/light touch and position.

Pacinian Corpuscle

A large, myelinated sensory receptor that adapts quickly, located in deep skin, joints, and ligaments, and functions for vibration and pressure.

Merkel Disc

A large, myelinated sensory receptor that adapts slowly, located in fingertips and superficial skin, and functions for deep static touch and shapes.

Facilitation

A highly excitable spinal segment characterized by a higher resting membrane potential, a hyperexcitable neural state, and requiring less afferent stimulation to stimulate the nerve.

Allodynia

A non-painful stimulus evoking a painful response.

Hyperalgesia

Pain experienced out of proportion to a painful stimulus.

Hyperpathia

A condition where a greater stimulus is required to get a neural response, but once evoked, the response goes to maximum intensity.

BUM

The facet orientation for cervical vertebrae: Backwards, Upwards, Medial.

BUL

The facet orientation for thoracic vertebrae: Backwards, Upwards, Lateral.

BM

The facet orientation for lumbar vertebrae: Backwards, Medial.

Pump Handle Motion

The motion of ribs $1$ through $5$ where the anterior-posterior diameter increases with inhalation.

Bucket Handle Motion

The motion of ribs $5$ through $10$ where the transverse diameter increases with inhalation.

Caliper Motion

The "down and out" motion of ribs $11$ and $12$ during inhalation.

Rule of 3's

A clinical guide for the thoracic spine where $T1-T3$ and $T12$ spinous processes (SP) are in-line with transverse processes (TP); $T4-T6$ and $T11$ TP are $1/2$ segment above the SP; and $T7-T9$ and $T10$ TP are $1$ full segment above the SP.

Ape Hand

A deformity caused by median nerve injury characterized by the loss of thumb opposition.

Unhappy Triad

A knee injury involving damage to the ACL, MCL, and MM (medial meniscus).

Spondylolysis

A fracture in the pars interarticularis of a vertebra, often diagnosed with an oblique x-ray showing the "scotty dog" sign.

Cobb Angle

The measurement used to determine the severity of scoliosis; mild is up to $20^{\circ}$, moderate is $21$ to $45^{\circ}$, and severe is $50^{\circ}$ or more.

SBS (Sphenobasilar Synchondrosis)

The reference point for cranial motion; moves cephalad during flexion and caudad during extension.

Tenderpoints

Small, hypersensitive, tender nodules caused by dysfunctional neuromuscular reflexes resulting in painful musculoskeletal contraction; they do not refer pain when palpated.

Chapman's Points

Viscerosomatic reflexes described as neurolymphatic, palpable, smooth $2\,mm$ nodules located in the subcutaneous tissue or fascia.