Ch. 13 Test #4

Pulmonary circuit

Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide

Systemic circuit

Send oxygenated blood to the body and picks up their waste

Describe the size and location of the heart

• about size of your fist

• Slight off center to the left

What is the pericardium?

The sac around the heart

What is the serous fluid?

The fluid around the heart to reduce friction

Describe the 3 layers of the heart wall

• epicardium (visceral pericardium): outer

• Myocardium: middle and thick muscle

• Endocardium: inner

Atria

• on top

• Thinner walls

• Receive blood from veins and send it to the ventricles

What is the interventricular septum?

The wall between the ventricles

AV valves

• tricuspid: between the right atrium and right ventricle to control the flow of blood

• Bicuspid (mitral): between the left atrium and left ventricle to control the flow of blood

What are chordae tendineae?

Strong chord-like structures that attach the cusps of the AV valves to the papillary muscles

What are papillary muscles?

Muscles on the wall of the ventricle that attach to the chordae tendineae so that the cusps do not protrude up into the atria

Semi-lunar valves

• pulmonary valve: controls the flow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk

• Aortic Valve: controls the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta

Path of blood through the pulmonary and systematic circuits

Superior and inferior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary trunk > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > body and head

Cardiac veins

on the surface of the heart filled with deoxygenated blood coming from the heart tissue

Ventricles

• on bottom

• Thick walls

• Have chordae tendineae and papillary muscles

• Receive blood from atria and send blood out of the heart through arteries

Coronary arteries

On the surface of the heart taking oxygenated blood to the heart tissue

Systole

When a chamber is contracting

Diastole

When a chamber is relaxing

What causes heart sounds?

The closing of the valves

What is happening during the Lubb phase?

When the Av valves are closing b/c the ventricles are contracting

What is happening during the dupp phase?

When the semilunar valves are closing because the ventricles are relaxing

SA node

Pacemaker of the heart, requires no stimulus

AV node

Conducts electrical impulses to the rest of the heart

On an electrocardiogram, what is the P wave?

contraction of Atria (depolarization)

QRS complex

Contractions of ventricles (depolarization)

T wave

repolarization of ventricles

Arteries

• carry blood away from the heart filled

• Can endure more pressure

• Have thicker walls and smaller lumen

• Arterioles are small arteries

• Carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary

Veins

• carry blood toward the heart filled

• Endure less pressure

• Have thinner walls And larger lumen

• Venues are small veins

• Carry deoxygenated blood except the pulmonary

What are capillaries?

Microscopic vessels that connect the smallest arterioles to the smallest venues, where substances are exchanged

Deoxygenated blood

Vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries

Oxygenated

Pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

Describe a person’s blood pressure in regard to systolic and diastolic

• Systolic is the top number and is larger and describes when the ventricles contract

• Diastolic is the bottom number and is smaller and describes when the ventricles relax

Factors that influence a person’s blood pressure

• Vasoconstriction and vasodilation

• Blood volume

• Blood viscosity

Location of arteries and veins

• Lumbar (lower back)

• temporal: head

• Ulnar: forearm

• Radial: forearm

• Brachial: arm

• Axillary: armpit

• Femoral: thigh

• Popliteal: back of knee