Energy Systems 244 - Week 5 to 6 - 4.1 to 4.11

Draw a transmission line and label its components

State the reasons why Aluminium is used more than copper as the conductor metal for overhead lines

Describe the make up of conductors used for overhead lines:

• their characteristics

• reasons for their characteristics

• most common type and reasoning

Describe insulators used in transmission lines:

• Their makeup

• the types

Describe resistance in a wire:

• the equation for the DC resistance in the wire

• the properties that DC resistance depends on

• the equation for AC resistance in a wire

Describe spiraling:

• what it is

• its effects on a wire

Describe temperature:

• how it effect DC resistance on a wire

Describe frequency:

• its effects on DC and AC current in a wire

Describe current magnitude:

• its effects on a magnetic conductor

Describe conductance:

• what it is

• what it does to conductors in terms of loss

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Describe power loss in overhead lines;

• causes

Describe Inductance:

• what it is in relation to an electric conductor

• derive its equation

Describe how to compute the inductance of general conductors

Describe external flux linkage in a solid cylindrical conductor:

• What it is

• for a 1 meter length of conductor, derive the equation for the total external flux linkage

State the assumptions made when determining the internal flux linkage of a solid cylindrical conductor

Describe the internal flux linkage in a solid cylindrical conductor:

• derive the equation for internal flux linkage for a 1 meter length of conductor

Describe the total flux linkage and inductance in a. solid cylindrical conductor:

• Derive the total flux linkage out to an external point P

• Derive the total inductance out to distance D

Derive the equation for the total flux linking a. conductor k out to infinity

Draw:

• a single-phase two-wire with equal phasing

• three-phase three-wire line with equal phase spacing

Describe a single phase two-wire with equal phase spacing:

• flux linkage of both conductors

• inductance of both inductors

• total inductance of the single phase circuit

Describe a three-phase three-wire with equal phase spacing:

• flux linkage of all conductors

• inductance of all conductors

• total inductance of the three phase circuit

State the assumptions made for subconductors

Describe the subconductors bundled in a conductor:

• derive the linkage flux for an individual subconductor

• derive the total flux of a conductor based off of subconductors

• derive the total inductance for:

  • conductors in two-wire two-phase with equal phasing systems

  • a solid conductor

Describe three-phase three-wire lines with equal spacing:

• Inductances of solid conductors

• Inductances of composite conductors

Describe a three-phase three-wire line with unequal phase spacing:

• what happens to flux linkage and phase inductances

• how to to obtain equal phase inductances

Describe bundling:

• what is it

• its effects

• how its implemented in a:

  • 2 conductor bundle

  • 3 conductor bundle

  • 4 conductor bundle

• equation for phase inductances

Describe capacitance of a system:

• what it is

• how it can be obtained

Describe the steps needed to compute the capacitance of a general conductor

Describe electric field and voltage of a solid cylindrical conductor:

• State and use Gauss’ law

• the assumptions made for a solid cylindrical conductor

• derive the equation for the E-field on the conductor

• derive the equation for the voltage between two distances on the conductor from the center

• derive the equation for the voltage between conductors k and i for m solid cylindrical conductors

Describe the capacitance:

• in a single phase two-wire line

  • derive the equation for the capacitance between the conductors

  • where all radii are the same:

    • derive the equation for capacitance

  • where the line is supplied by a grounded centre tap transformer

    • derive the equations for:

      • voltage

      • capacitance

Describe the capacitance:

• in a three-phase three-wire line

  • derive the equation for the voltage between conductors

  • derive the equation for the capacitance between the conductors

Describe the:

• assumptions made when finding the capacitances between

  • two phase

  • three phase lines

• how those assumptions are in reality

• the impact of reality on the capacitance equations

Describe 3-phase lines with unequal spacing:

• how to find voltage and capacitance equations for a line with n conductors per bundle

For a single-phase 2-wire and three-phase three-wire line describe:

• how to obtain voltages

• derive charging currents

• derive reactive power supplied

Describe the three phase line with neutral conductors and earth return:

• Draw the power line'

  • describe and label the conductors, neutral lines and earth lines

• Describe what happens if the phase currents are not balanced

Describe a three-phase line with neutral conductors and earth return:

• how to obtain linkage flux for an overhead line conductor

Describe the three phase line with neutral conductors and earth return:

• simplify the conductor line circuits by representing it in vector form

• simplify the conductor circuits into three equations

Describe the process of deriving the equations for the shunt admittance of the three-phase overhead line:

• State the approximation made

  • the method used for that approximation

• derive the equations for voltage between any conductor k and its image conductor k’