Chapter 3: Protists

What kind of habitats do Protista live in?

Moist or aqueous habitats

Importance of protists

• important part of the food chain

• Make products widely used in food industries and biological labs

How do amoeba move around?

Using pseudopods

Pseudopods

Feet like structures formed by temporarily extended cytoplasmic projections

How do amoeba feed?

Phagocytosis

What do amoeba feed on?

Algae or bacteria

What kind of sexual reproduction do amoeba use?

Binary fission

Binary fission

One fully grown organism divides into 2 daughter cells = 2 identical organisms are formed

Is amoeba unicellular or multicellular?

Unicellular

How do paramecia move around?

Beating their cilia

How does paramecia reproduce?

Binary fission

What kind of cellularity does paramecia have?

Unicellular protist

Why is the macronucleus important?

Metabolic activities happening inside the organism

How many macronucleus does paramecia have?

One

What do micronuclei do?

Genetic recombination

What does paramecia feed on?

Microorganisms like Chlamydomonas, bacteria, yeast

What kind of disease does Trypanosoma cause?

African sleeping sickness

How des Trypanosoma move?

Flagella

How does Euglena move?

Flagella

What does the base of the flagella of euglena have and what does it do?

Light sensitive stigma that allows it to move toward light, maximizes light intensity for photosynthesis

What kind of feeding habit does euglena have?

Autotrophic (photosynthesis)

What kind of cellularity does euglena have?

Unicellular

How does a diatom feed?

Photosynthesis

How do Chlamydomonas reproduce?

sexually and asexually

What kind of cellularity do Chlamydomonas have?

Sexual and asexual

Where are Chlamydomonas found?

Damp soils, lakes, and ditches

How do Chlamydomonas move?

Beating its flagella

What feeding strategy do Chlamydomonas have?

Autotropic

Pyrenoid

Protein body that functions in starch formation

What do Chlamydomonas have that helps with phototaxis?

Stigma (eyespot) that sense light= organism exhibits phototaxis

What kind of feeding habit does volvox have?

Autotrophic

Volvox sexual reproduction

Production of eggs and sperm by special cells in the colony

Volvox asexual reproduction

Reproductive cell division which leads to the the production of daughter cells within parent colony

Protozoa feeding habits

Heterotrophic

Protozoa cellularity

Unicellular

How do fungus-like protists reproduce?

Formation of spores

Algae cellularity

Unicellular or multicellular

Multicellular algae

Lack highly differentiated structures like roots, stems, leaves

Where do brown algae live?

Marine environments

What kind of cellularity do brown algae have?

Multicellularity

What pigments do brown algae have?

Chlorophyll a

How does brown algae store photosynthetic products?

In the form of lamarin

What does the thallus in brown algae consist of?

Holdfast, stipe, blade

Holdfast

Root like structure that anchors algae

Stipe

Stem like structure

Blade

Leaf like structure

Pneumatocysts

Gas filled float for buoyancy so blades could receive more sunlight for photosynthesis

What does brown algae cell wall contain?

Cellulose and alginates (jelly like material)

What pigments does red algae have?

Chlorophyll A, B and phycoerythrin, phycobilin, and phycocyanin

How are pigments stored in red algae?

Floridean starch

What does phycoerythrin do?

Absorbs blue light and reflects red light

Phycobilin

Help absorb little light available in deep water for photosynthesis

Phycoerythrin

Absorbs blue light, reflects red = red color

Phycocyanin

Helps absorb little light available in deep water for photosynthesis

What does red algae cell wall contain?

Cellulose and sulfated galactans

What are red algae an important source of?

Sulfated polysaccharides called galactans like agar, agarose, carrageenans

What are agar and agarose used for?

In bio labs as gelling agents to make bacterial culture plates and agarose gels

What are Carrageenan used for?

Thickening agents in ice cream, pudding, chocolate, milk, and cosmetics

How do red algae contribute to the formation of coral reef?

Some species extract calcium carbonate from the ocean and incorporate it into their cell walls

Green algae cellularity

Unicellular, colonial, or multicellular

Where do green algae live?

Freshwater, moist soils or marine environments

How do green algae store photosynthetic pigments?

In the form of starch

What is the photosynthetic pigment in green algae?

Chlorophyll B

What is in green algae cell wall?

Cellulose

How does spirogyra reproduce asexually?

Fragmentation

Where is spirogyra found?

Freshwater

What kind of cellularity does spirogyra have?

Multicellular

An example of an autotrophic and colonial protist

Volvox

Which of the following structures are essential for phototaxis in Euglena?

Flagella and eyespot (stigma)

What does conjugation in Paramecia involve?

Meiosis and mitosis

How does amoeba reproduce?

Binary fission

How are brown algae glued to rocks?

Holdfast

What pigment gives red algae their characteristic red color?

Phycoerythrin

What is the response or outcome being measured in a scientific experimentation?

Dependent variable

Which is a following is a common characteristic for all protists?

They are all eukaryotes

Protozoa is generally…

Eukaryotic and mobile

Which are responsible for phototaxis in Euglena?

Flagella and eyespot (stigma)

What does conjugation in paramecia involve?

Meiosis and mitosis

How does an amoeba reproduce?

Binary fission

What is a common characteristic for all protists?

All eukaryotes