Y9 Chemistry- Ionic Bonding

Ionic compound

A compound made of ions, formed between metals and non-metals

Ionic bonding

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions between oppositely charged ions

Metal ions

Atoms that have lost electrons and carry a positive charge

Non-metal ions

Atoms that have gained electrons and carry a negative charge

Giant ionic lattice

A 3D structure of oppositely charged ions held together by strong electrostatic forces

Ratio in ionic lattice

Shows the simplest whole-number ratio of ions, not necessarily 1:1 elements

Finding ionic ratio (formula method)

Use the chemical formula to see the element ratio (e.g., MgO

Finding ionic ratio (group method)

Use periodic table groups to match charges (e.g., Group 3 needs three Group 7 elements)

Dot and cross diagram

Shows the transfer of electrons but not spatial arrangement of ions

Limitation of dot and cross

Doesn’t show the lattice structure or 3D arrangement

Ball and stick model

Shows atoms and bonds visually

Limitation of ball and stick model

Not to scale, doesn’t show electrostatic forces or electron movement

2D ionic lattice

A flat diagram showing part of the lattice

Limitation of 2D lattice

Doesn’t show other layers and lacks scale, forces, and electron movement

Ionic lattice model

A diagram showing ions in a giant lattice

Limitation of ionic lattice model

Not to scale and doesn’t show forces or electron transfer

Sodium in NaCl

Sodium loses 1 electron to gain a full outer shell and becomes Na⁺

Chlorine in NaCl

Chlorine gains 1 electron to gain a full outer shell and becomes Cl⁻

Formation of NaCl

Na transfers one electron to Cl, forming oppositely charged ions that attract to form an ionic compound