Mixtures and Solutions

How is a solution formed?

When a solvent (often a liquid) dissolves the solute

Is water a polar molecule, and why/why not?

It is a polar molecules because of the V-shaped structure and high electronegativity of oxygen

Because water is a polar molecule, when it is a solvent is can dissolve:

polar molecules and ionic compounds

Why does water have a relatively high melting/boiling point compared to other small molecules?

The strong hydrogen bonding means that a lot of heat energy is required to overcome these bonds

What type of mixture are solutions, and what are they composed of?

Solutions are homogenous mixtures and have two components: solute and solvent

How are solutions made?

When one substance dissolves in another substance

The substance that dissolves in another substance is called a:

Solute

The substance in which in the solute dissolves is called a:

Solvent

What is miscibility?

Liquids that can be mixed together to form a single liquid

For a solute to dissolve in a solvent to form a solution, what needs to happen?

The particles in the solute must seperate
The particles in the solvent must seperate

The attractions among the particles in their original state are replaced by attraction as strong or stronger between the solute or solvent particles

If a solute cannot dissolve in a particular solvent, then it is:

Insoluble in that solvent

Liquids that do not mix are called:

Immiscible

Polar solvents (like water and trichloromethane) can form what type of bonds and interactions with other polar molecules?

Hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) or dipole-dipole interactions

Non-polar solvents (like cyclohexane, benzene and chloroform) are used for dissolving ___ substances? How do they interact?

They dissolve non-polar solutes and can interact through dispersion forces