29. 💗TOPOGRAPHY OF LOWER LIMB – FEMORAL TRIANGLE, ADDUCTOR CANAL, POPLITEAL FOSSA, CRUROPOPLITEAL CANAL.💗

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

- Superior: Inguinal ligament
- Medial: Medial border of adductor longus muscle
- Lateral: Medial border of sartorius muscle
- Roof: Fascia lata
- Floor: Pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus muscles

What neurovascular structures pass through the femoral triangle?

- Femoral nerve: Innervates anterior thigh muscles
- Femoral artery: Provides the majority of arterial supply to the lower limb
- Femoral vein: Drains into the great saphenous vein within the triangle
- Femoral canal: Contains deep lymph nodes and vessels

Where is the adductor canal located, and what structures does it connect?

- Location: In the thigh, extending from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus of the adductor magnus muscle
- Borders:
- Anteromedial: Sartorius muscle
- Lateral: Vastus medialis muscle
- Posterior: Adductor longus and adductor magnus muscles
- Contents: Femoral artery, vein, and nerve to vastus medialis muscle, and the saphenous nerve

Describe the borders and contents of the popliteal fossa.

- Borders:
- Superomedial: Semimembranosus muscle
- Superolateral: Biceps femoris muscle
- Inferomedial: Medial head of gastrocnemius muscle
- Inferolateral: Lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle
- Contents (medial to lateral):
- Popliteal artery: Deepest structure, closest to the bone
- Popliteal vein
- Tibial nerve: Superficial
- Common fibular nerve: Superficial
- Genicular arteries and veins
- Small saphenous nerve: Passes between the heads of gastrocnemius and empties into the popliteal vein

What is the cruciopopliteal canal, and what are its borders?

- Description: It leads from the popliteal fossa into the leg, situated posteriorly between the muscles of the leg and the soleus muscle.
- Borders:
- Anterior: Tibialis posterior muscle
- Posterior: Deep fascia of the leg and soleus muscle
- Lateral: Flexor hallucis longus muscle
- Medial: Flexor digitorum longus muscle

What are the significant features and openings of the cruciopopliteal canal?

- Features: Entrances are bounded anteriorly by the popliteus muscle and posteriorly by the tendinous arch of the soleus.
- Openings:
- Superior, anterior, and inferior openings
- Anterior tibial artery penetrates the anterior part of the leg through the anterior opening of the interosseous membrane (IM).
- Inferior opening allows passage for the tibialis posterior (anteriorly) and the calcaneal tendon. The posterior tibial artery, vein, and nerve pass through the medial malleolar canal via the inferior opening.