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built environment
The human-made space in which people live, work, and engage in leisure activities on a daily basis.
climate
The average pattern of weather over a 30-year period for a particular region.
cultural ecology
The study of the interactions between societies and their local environments.
cultural landscape
The built forms that cultural groups create in inhabiting Earth — farm fields, cities, houses, and so on and the meaning, values, representations, and experiences associated with those forms.
culture
The shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors that a society transmits from one generation to the next.
environmental determinism
The belief that the physical environment is the dominant force shaping cultures and that humanity is a passive product of its physical surroundings.
field observations
The act of physically visiting a location, place, or region and recording, firsthand, information there.
Flow (diffusion)
Patterns and movement of ideas, people, products, and other phenomena
formal region
A geographical area inhabited by people who have one or more traits in common.
functional regions (nodal regions)
A geographic area that has been organized to function politically, socially, culturally, or economically as one unit.
human-environmental interaction
The effect that humans have on their environment and the effect that the environment has on humans.
qualitative data
Descriptive rather than numerical or statistical in nature. Qualitative geography involves methods such as ethnography, interviews, and participant observation to gather data and make sense of the complexity and diversity of human geography.
quantitative data
Data that can be counted or measured in numerical values.
region
A geographical unit based on one or more common characteristics or functions.
regionalization
The process of dividing up the earth into smaller regions or units or the tendency to form decentralized regions.
sense of place
How a person feels about a particular place and why it is important to them.
site
The physical character of a place.
situation
The location of a place relative to another place.
space
The areas we occupy as humans; it has no value until the people who occupy it make it their own.
spatial association
The relationship between the distribution of one feature and the distribution of another feature.
subregions
A part of a larger region or continent and are usually based on location.
sustainability
The group of practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.
time-space compression
The decreasing distance between places, as measured by travel time or cost; often summarized by the phrase "the world is shrinking"
toponyms
The name given to a portion of Earth's surface.
Transnational corporations (TNC)
A firm with the power to coordinate and control operations in more than one country, even if it does not own those operations.
Vernacular region (perceptual)
An area that people believe exists; is part of their cultural identity.
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