Psychology ch 3, 4, & 5 studyguide

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a "tracer" and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?

A. magnet resonance imaging (MRI).

B. positron emission tomography (PET).

C. computerized tomography (CT) scan.

D. electroencephalograph (EEG).

B. positron emission tomography (PET).

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

A. autonomic.

B. parasympathetic.

C. sympathetic.

D. somatic.

B. parasympathetic.

If your _____ is activated, you will feel relatively at ease.

A. Parasympathetic nervous system.

B. Somatic nervous system.

C. Sympathetic nervous system.

D. Spinal cord.

A. Parasympathetic nervous system.

Parsons et al. are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

A. positron emission tomography (PET).

B. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

C. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

D. computerized tomography (CT) scan.

B. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Which of the following senses is associated with the temporal lobe?

A. pain.

B. audition.

C. touch.

D. vision.

B. audition.

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

A. Behavioral genetics.

B. Evolutionary psychology.

C. Range of reaction.

D. Environmental psychology.

C. Range of reaction.

__________ serve as interconnected information processors that are essential for all of the tasks of the nervous system.

A. Neurons.

B. Nervous system.

C. Glial cells.

D. Biological cells.

A. Neurons.

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?

A. Wernicke's area.

B. Hippocampus.

C. Thalamus.

D. Broca's area.

D. Broca's area.

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

A. autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems.

B. central; peripheral nervous systems.

C. parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems.

D. autonomic; somatic nervous systems.

B. central; peripheral nervous systems.

Clive Wearing could remember which of the following types of memory?

A. new people he meets.

B. headlines from the news.

C. how to play the piano.

D. the most recent updates in his children's lives.

C. how to play the piano.

Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content.

A. latent.

B. manifest.

C. Jungian.

D. Freudian.

B. manifest.

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________.

A. A disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing.

B. Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus.

C. An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

D. An individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic.

C. An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

Shyla experiences a long delay between the time that she goes to bed and the time that she actually falls asleep. In addition, she wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty getting back to sleep. To diagnose Shyla with insomnia, it is necessary that she experiences these symptoms________.

A. three nights in a row.

B. even after taking medication.

C. every time she attempts to sleep.

D. at least three nights a week for one month.

D. at least three nights a week for one month.

According to the dissociation view of hypnosis, hypnosis is ________.

A. effectively a dissociated state of consciousness.

B. dissociated from other forms of altered consciousness because it does not involve drugs.

C. people acting as they do because of social expectations for how a hypnotized person should behave.

D. practiced only by people who are already dissociated from reality.

A. effectively a dissociated state of consciousness.

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

A. REM.

B. Non-REM.

C. Night terrors.

D. NREM.

A. REM.

In a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content.

A. lucid.

B. K-complex.

C. theta wave.

D. REM.

A. lucid.

NREM sleep is a period of sleep ________.

A. that overlaps REM sleep.

B. associated with lucid dreaming.

C. that always occurs immediately after REM sleep.

D. outside periods of REM sleep.

D. outside periods of REM sleep.

Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content?

A. Sigmund Freud.

B. Carl Jung.

C. John Hobson.

D. Rosalind Cartwright.

A. Sigmund Freud.

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________.

A. restless leg syndrome.

B. insomnia.

C. night terrors.

D. narcolepsy.

D. narcolepsy.

Which of the following is an example of wakefulness?

A. Mercy, unconscious after being hit on the head.

B. Petro, immediately before entering REM sleep.

C. Jemma, competing in a marathon.

D. Samuel, sleepwalking in the middle of the night.

C. Jemma, competing in a marathon.

________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives.

A. trichromatic.

B. monocular.

C. cyclopean.

D. binocular.

D. binocular.

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

A. fovea.

B. cones.

C. lens.

D. rods.

B. cones.

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

A. cones.

B. rods.

C. iris.

D. fovea.

B. rods.

Kimya stares at a bright light and then looks away. After she looks away, she perceives a spot. What is this spot?

A. blind spot.

B. afterimage.

C. preimage.

D. night blindness.

B. afterimage.

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

A. signal detection.

B. top-down.

C. absolute threshold.

D. subliminal.

B. top-down.

Which term describes the perception of the body's movement through space?

A. dimensionality.

B. nociception.

C. kinesthesia.

D. neurasthenia.

C. kinesthesia.

When light levels are low, the pupil will become ________, to allow more light to enter the eye.

A. longer.

B. dilated.

C. smaller.

D. contracted.

B. dilated.

What was the original focus of Swets' (1964) signal detection theory?

A. increasing typing speed for telephone operators.

B. improving the sensitivity of air traffic controllers to plane blips.

C. detecting brain tumors.

D. improving the accuracy of military codebreakers.

B. improving the sensitivity of air traffic controllers to plane blips.

Light waves are transmitted across the ________ and enter the eye through the ________.

A. lens; retina.

B. cornea; pupil.

C. pupil; cornea.

D. iris; pupil.

B. cornea; pupil.

Which of the following statements best describes trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory?

A. Research has not supported either theory.

B. Both theories are equally accurate, but they apply to different levels of the nervous system.

C. The opponent-process theory is more accurate than the trichromatic theory.

D. The trichromatic theory is more accurate than the opponent-process theory.

B. Both theories are equally accurate, but they apply to different levels of the nervous system.