Unit III Things to Remember

Prosthetic group

Prosthetic group

anything on a protein other than amino acids, can be something like a lipoprotein/phosphoprotein or a coenzyme

Enzyme reaction with only one word (maltase, lactase, etc)

hydrolysis reaction

Oxidoreductases

catalyze redox reactions, change number of bonds to oxygen, involve NADH/FADH

Transferases

Move things between molecules

Transaminases

move amines between molecules

kinases

move phosphates between molecules

hydrolases

break bonds through hydrolization (carbohydrates, lipases, proteases)

lyases

remove groups to make alkenes or add groups to hydrogenate alkenes

isomerases

turn molecules into their isomers

ligases

bind two molecules into one using ATP

absolute specificity

can react one substrate only

stereochemical specificity

can react one set of stereoisomers (ex: D-carbohydrates)

group specificity

can react one set of functional groups only

linkage specificity

can react one type of bond only

vitamin C

maintains collagen structure and reduces other things, water soluble

B vitamins

water soluble, eight each have their own functions

Vitamin A

fat soluble, maintains vision, cell differentiation, epithelial tissue, reproduction

Vitamin D

the only vitamin we can make, maintains calcium and phosphate levels

vitamin E

antioxidant that is less powerful than C, but able to work in fatty areas

vitamin K

helps proper folding of proteins

chylomicrons

transport dietary triacylglycerols from the intestine to the liver and adipose tissue

turnover number

the maximum amount of substrate an enzyme can react in a minute

proteolytic enzymes

enzymes that are produced in an inactive form so that they don’t break the wrong things down, activated by removing a segment of peptides