Unit 5 Science

Atom

made of protons and neutrons in a nucleus and electrons orbiting the nucleus.

reason for atoms having diff characteristics

Atoms of different elements have different characteristics because of different amounts of protons, neutrons, and electrons. 

Neutral Atom

same amount of protons and electrons, neutrally charged

Ion

different numbers of electrons than original

Cation

type of ion where atom has more protons than electrons, positively charged

Anion

type of ion where atom has more electrons than protons, negatively charged

Isotope

different number of neutrons

Intramolecular bonds

hold atoms together within a molecule

Intermolecular bonds

bond that exists between molecules

are intramolecular or intermolecular bonds stronger?

intramolecular

molecule

 a group of 2+ atoms held together by chemical bonds (**H2, O2, and O3)**

compound

**different types of atoms chemically bonded (CaCl2 or NaBr)**

covalent bonds

formed when non metal atoms share their valence electrons to gain octets (a full valence shell)

ionic bonds

one atom gives up electron to another atom

hydrogen bonds

two water molecules bonding because of the positive ends of hydrogen molecules bonds with the negative end of the oxygen molecules

are covalent or hydrogen bonds stronger

covalent

proton

Positively charged subatomic particle

electron

negatively charged subatomic particle

Neutron

neutrally charged subatomic particle

Nucleus

Center/core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons

Energy Level/Electron Shell

Regions surrounding the nucleus containing a specific number of electrons

Atom

The smallest particle of matter that contains the characteristics of an element

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Atomic Mass

Unrounded number of the mass of an atom

Valence electrons 

Electrons in the outer shell of an atom

Polarity

atoms being positively and negatively charged

Cohesion

Molecules of the same substance bonding

Adhesion

Molecules of different substances bonding

capillary action

The ability water has to flow upward against the force of gravity due to cohesion and adhesion.

universal solvent

Universal Solvent - liquid that dissolves most/all solutes **(water)**

solvent

a liquid that dissolves a particle

Solute

particle or liquid that gets dissolved in the solvent