8-Nucleic Acid Structure test bank

Vocabulary flashcards for Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure

Who discovered that DNA was the genetic material or transforming factor that could convert nonvirulent R-type Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium to the virulent S-type?

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Nucleotides

Building blocks of DNA.

Beginning with the simplest level of structure, which order of organization of genetic material is CORRECT?

nucleotide, DNA, gene, chromosome, genome

The nucleotides within DNA are composed of a

phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

Nucleotides (in DNA)

Composed of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Adenine

A nucleotide base that is NOT a pyrimidine.

Phosphodiester bond

Connects nucleotides in a single strand of DNA.

Reverse transcriptase

An enzyme that can synthesize DNA from an RNA template.

Guanine

Purine base that forms 3 hydrogen bonds when binding its complementary nucleotide base.

X-ray diffraction pattern suggesting a double helix shape

Critical evidence to the discovery of DNA structure.

Replication fork

Not a protein involved in DNA replication.

Two

Number of replication forks at an origin of replication.

During the DNA replication process, which of the following organisms would have the fewestorigins of replication per cell?

Streptococcus bacterium

What is the complement DNA strand to 5′-ATTCGGTGA-3′?

3′-TAAGCCACT-5′

The mechanism of DNA replication is

semiconservative