scientific tools/ Lab techniques

instrument that can form an enlarged image

microscope

light passes through a lens producing an enlarged image of the object of the specimen

light microscope or compound microscope

set of interchangeable lenses that closest to the specimen

(4x, 10x, 40x)

objective lens

receives light directs by the objective lens; located in the eyepiece (10x)

ocular lens

how do calculate total magnification

ocular x objective = total

use a beam of electrons focused by magnets to produce an enlarges image of an object

electron microscopes

transmits a beam of electrons though thinly sliced specimens; can magnify objects up to 2,000,000x’s

transmission electron microscope (TEM)

scans the surface of an object, which is sprayed with fine metallic mist, with a beam of electrons; can magnify up to 50,000x’s producing a three-dimensional picture

scanning electron microscope (SEM)

a population of identical cells grown in the lab; used to study cell growth, interaction between cells and cell reation to substances in the environment

cell cultures

used to study cell growth, interaction between cells and cell reation to substances in the environment

cell cutrues

technique used to release the components of the cell; blender used

cell fractionation

technique used to separate cell parts by type by spinning them at high speeds

centrifugation

heavier parts settle to the bottom, lighter to the top

centrifugation

used to separate chemical components of a substance based of the varying rates of a movement up a piece of paper or down a column of beads

chromatography

technique in which a small sample is used to represent the whole

ex-rainforest, fish sampling

scientific sampling

(field technique)