LCS - Summative Test

Rene Descartes

Father of Modern Philosophy

Gesell’s Maturation Theory

Emphasizes that physical growth follows predictable patterns but individual rates vary.

Cogito Ergo Sum

Means “I think, therefore I am”, Core Concept of the Philosophical View of the Self

Assumption of the Philosophical View

Human existence is proven by the ability to think and be self-aware.

Principle of the Philosophical View

The mind is distinct from body; consciousness defines being

Rene Descartes

Who thought of the Philosophical View?

William James

Who thought of the dual-self theory?

I-self

The acting, knowing subject

Me-self

the object known (your traits, roles, possesions)

Principle of the Dual-Self Theory

The self is both the experiencer and the experienced

Carl Rogers

Who conceptualized the Humanistic Theory of Self?

Core Concept of theHumanistic Theory of Self

Self-concept, ideal self, real self

Assumption of the Humanistic Theory of Self

People strive for self-actualization - to become their very best version

Principle of the Humanistic Theory of Self

Congruence between real and ideal self leads to well-being

Concept of the Looking-Glass Self

We see ourselves through others perception

Principle of the Looking-Glass Self

Self-image develops via social feedback

Charles Horton Cooley

Who conceptualized the Looking-glass theory?

George Herbert Mead

Who conceptualized the social self theory?

Nature Perspective

Behavior and personality stems from genetics and biology

Nurture Perspective

Environment, Culture, and upbringing shape the self

Interactionist Perspective

Both hereditary and environment interact to form identity

Erik Erikson

Who conceptualized the psychosocial development theory?

psychosocial development theory

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Developmental Tasks

Growth involves mastering age-specific tasks that arise from physical maturation, personal values, and social expectations

Robert Havinghurst

Who conceptualized developmental tasks?

Puberty

Maturation of the sex organs

Adolescence

Marks the transition between childhood and adulthood

Amygdala

responsible for emotions and human instincts, develops earlier

Prefrontal Cortex

manages logic and reasoning, matures much later

Rapid Physical Changes

can cause significant distress or negative self-perception

Stages of Cognitive Development

adolescents reach the Formal Operational Stage, enabling abstract reasoning and logical thinking

The Rollercoaster

Adolescents often experience intense and volatile emotions, leading to frequent irritability.

Maturity

An emotionally mature person realizes the need to manage reactions and impulsive behaviors

Growth

Challenging situations provide vital life skills that help navigate future adulthood successfully

Physiological Development

refers to the biological growth and changes in body systems during adolescence, including skeletal growth, hormonal shift, and organ maturation

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Adolescents use their changing bodies to explore identity, self-image, and social roles.

Adolescence

A broad period of development between 10 to 19 years old.

Puberty

A biological process triggered by hormonal changes (estrogen, testosterone) leading to secondary sex characteristics.

The I

The director and the viewer

The Me

The main character

William James

Father of American Psychology

The real self

Who a person is in the present moment (actual traits, feelings, behavior)

The Ideal Self

Who they aspire to be, heavily shaped by dreams, societal expectations and the need for approval.

Carl Rogers

Who conceptualized the gap between reality and aspiration?

Donald Winnicott

Who conceptualized the defensive facade?

True Self

Rooted in genuine, authentic feelings and experiences. Developed when an infant experiences trust and security from reliable caregivers.

False Self

An Adaptive Mechanism. A mask worn to avoid disapproval, rejection or neglect

Psychologist Jeffrey Jensen Arnett

identified the period after high school as a distinct developmental phase characterized by profound transition

Identity Exploration

Deciding what to want out of work, school, and love.

Instability

Frequent shifts in residence, relationships, and routines.

Self Focus

Freed from societal routines, focusing heavily on personal choices without the constraints of marriage/career

Feeling-in-Between

Taking responsibility, but not completely feeling like a fully formed adult

Age of Possibilities

Unbound optimism. The belief that a better life - and a lifelong soulmate awaits.

The Rogers Effect: Widening the Gap

Social Media perpetuates unrealistic beauty standards and curated lifestyles. This artificially inflates the Ideal Self to unattainable heights, guranteeing severe incongruence and distress.

Winnicott Effect: Hardening the Shell

Because youth use online likes and comments as validation, the internet acts as an incubator for the false self.