sensory objectives

What medications are given to a patient before cataract surgery?

dilating drops and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops

patient education following cataract surgery:

wear dark glasses, monitory for tachycardia, CNS effects

possible complication associated with cataract surgery?

posterior capsule opacity

vision is cloudy or blurry following cataract surgery

posterior capsule opacity

symptoms of glaucoma -

tunnel vision, history of blurred vision, seeing colored halos around lights, ocular redness

most common glaucoma; outflow decreases, drainage channels become clogged

primary open-angle glaucoma s

signs and symptoms of open-angle glaucoma:

nausea, vomiting, change in vision

lens bulges causing angle narrowing and closure

primary angle-closure glaucoma

signs and symptoms of primary angle-colure glaucoma

sudden excruciating pain, nausea and vomiting, colored halos around lights, blurred vision, ocular redness

what is the primary goal when treating cataracts?

keep IOP low enough to prevent optic nerve damage

risk factors for developing glaucoma -

age (everyone over the age of 45), African Americans, diabetics, family history, certain medications (i.e. prednisone)

interruption of the full thickness of of the retinal tissues

retinal break

separation of the sensory retinal and underlying pigment epithelium, with fluid accumulations between the two layers

retinal detachment

atrophic retinal breaks, spontaneous

retinal holes

occur as the vitreous humor shrinks during aging and pulls on the retina; occurs when traction force exceeds the strength of the retina

retinal tears

risk factors for retinal detachment -

increasing age, severe myopia, eye trauma, retinopathy (diabetic), cataract or glaucoma surgery, family or personal history

signs of retinal detachment -

photopsia (light flashes), floaters or cobwebs

signs and symptoms of detached retina

painless loss of peripheral vision, area of visual loss

occurs in the outer and middle ear; caused by interference with air condition

conductive hearing loss

patient may speak softly because he or she hears their own voice being conducted by bone as being loud

conductive hearing loss

cause by impairment of function of the inner ear or the vestibulocochlear nerve

sensorineural hearing loss

patient has the ability to hear sounds but not understand speech

sensorineural hearing loss

infection of the mastoid bone; located near the outside ear and infection may spread to the ear

mastoiditis

usually associated with childhood diseases (colds, allergies, sore throats)

acute otitis media

signs and symptoms of acute otitis media via otoscopic examination -

color changes, decreased tympanic membrane mobility, marginal central perforation of tympanic membrane

treatment of acute otitis media

amoxicillin and antihistamines

surgery involving reconstruction of the tympanic membrane

tympanoplasty

often performed with a tympanoplasty to remove disease tissue and the source of inflammation

mastoidectomy

surgical reconstruction limited to repair tympanic membrane perforation

myringoplasty

signs and symptoms of Meniere's disease

episodic vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, aural fullness, sudden severe attacks of vertigo with nausea and vomiting

nursing interventions for Meniere's disease

dark, quiet room, low bed, patient should ask for help walking