AP Gov Chapter 13: The News Media

mass media

the entire array of organizations through which information is collected and disseminated to the general public

news media

media providing the public with new information about subjects of public interest

penny press

newspapers that cost $0.01, started by Benjamin Day with the purpose of expanding the audience by becoming politically dependent; forerunner of modern newspaper

yellow journalism

a form of newspaper publishing in rogue in the late 19th century that featured pictures, comics, color, and sensationalized news coverage

muckraking

form of journalism, in vogue in the early 20th century, devoted to exposing misconduct by the government, businesses, and individual politicians

anti-trust regulations

laws preventing companies from controlling entire industries and exploiting their employees

Calvin Coolidge

the first president to speak regularly on talk radio shows

cable; network

__________ news was more successful than ________ news due to its greater availability and less filtration of news.

internet, blogs, social media

forms of online media

narrowcasting

targeting media programming at specific populations in a society

"CNN or FOX effect"

when a network chooses an ideologically favorable storyline, setting the agenda for partisans

infotainment

TV programming that blends political news and information with entertainment

late night comedy shows, daytime talk shows, comedy shows

forms of infotainment

unclear objectives, weakening democratic deliberation

concerns about the use of specialized experts

pundits

consultants employed to discuss dominant issues of the day

citizen journalists

ordinary individuals who collect, report, and analyze news content

on the record

information provided to a journalist that can be released and attributed by name to the source

off the record

information provided to a journalist that will not be released to the public

on background

information provided to a journalist that will not be attributed to a name source

deep background

information provided to a journalist that will not be attributed to any source

ombudsmen

internal media critics

content regulations

limitations on the attempts to promote equity in broadcasting

equal time rule

rule that requires broadcast stations to sell air time equally to all candidates in a political campaign if they choose to sell it to any

press release

document offering an official comment or position

press briefing

relatively restricted session between press secretary or aide and press

press conference

unrestricted session between elected official and the press

press secretary

convinces the media of the importance of the president's policy decisions and defends actions taken by the executive department

media effects

the influence of news sources on public opinion

agenda setting

process of forming the list of issues to be addressed by the government

framing

process by which a news organization defines a political issue and consequently affects opinion about that issue