Internet Protocol (IPv4)

network admin

what’s the length of an IPv4 address

32 bits

how are IPv4 addresses written

binary (192.168.50.10)

what is an octet

each of the four 8-bit sections in an IPv4 address, separated by dots (1-255)

what are the 2 parts of an IP address

network ID and host ID

what does the network ID represent

the network you are on

what does the host ID represent

the specific device in the network (consecutive 0s in binary)

what is the range of class A addresses

1-126

what is the range of class B addresses

128-191

what is the range of class C addresses

192-223

what is the range of class D addresses and purpose

224-239, used for multicast

what is the range of class E addresses and purpose

240-255, used for experiments

what is the purpose of a subnet mask

defines which part of an IP is the network ID and which part is the host ID

default subnet mask for class A

255.0.0.0 (/8)

default subnet mask for class B

255.255.0.0 (/16)

default subnet mask for class C

255.255.255.0 (/24)

what are private IP ranges for class A

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

what are private IP ranges for class B

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

what are the private IP ranges for class C

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

what are public IP addresses

routable, provided by ISPs, visible on the internet

what is an APIPA address

auto-assigned if no DHCP/static IP, range: 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255

difference between static and dynamic IP

static is manually assigned and doesn’t change. dynamic is auto-assigned by DHCP and can change

what is the default route

0.0.0.0/0

what is the broadcast address for all networks

255.255.255.255

what is a loopback address

127.0.0.1 = 127.255.255.255 (used for self-testing, localhost)

what is multicast range

224.239.255.255

what does CIDR notation represent

an IP address + the number of bits used for the network ID