Hematology and Bone Marrow Disorders

Flashcards reviewing hematology terminology, coagulation disorders, leukemias, lymphomas, and bone marrow diseases based on the lecture transcript.

What is the primary role of a hematologist?

A hematologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.

What is the primary function of a phlebotomist?

A phlebotomist is a medical professional trained to draw blood from patients for laboratory tests and other procedures.

What defines a hypercoagulable state?

A hypercoagulable state occurs when the blood has an increased tendency to form clots.

What is the most common genetic cause of a hypercoagulable state according to the transcript?

Factor V laden.

What is coagulopathy?

Also known as a bleeding disorder, coagulopathy occurs when the blood's ability to coagulate is impaired.

How is haemophilia defined?

Haemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood clotting factor is missing, resulting in abnormal coagulation.

What is von Willebrand disease (VWD)?

The most common genetic bleeding disorder, impacting women more than men, caused by a low level or dysfunction of the Von Willebrand factor protein in the blood.

What three main types of blood cancer originate in the bone marrow?

Leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.

What is leukemia?

A type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood forming tissues, other organs, and circulating blood, impairing the production of red blood cells and platelets.

Which leukemia is the most common type in young children?

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Which leukemia is the most common adult leukemia?

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

What general term applies to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues such as the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow?

Lymphoma.

Which cells distinguish Hodgkin's lymphoma from other lymphomas?

Reed's Sternberg cells.

What age demographic makes up the majority of individuals diagnosed with non Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Individuals over age 65.

By what other name is multiple myeloma sometimes referred?

Schist's myeloma.

Why is multiple myeloma given the name 'multiple'?

Because most patients develop more than one bone lesion.

How is aplastic anemia characterized?

A rare but serious condition characterized by an absence of all foreign blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.

What is myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)?

A type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow.

What is pancytopenia?

A condition characterized by lower than normal quantities of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.