FINAL APUSH PERIOD 4 (1800-1848)

Revolution of 1800

Name for the election of 1800 for the peaceful transfer of power from the defeated Federalists to the Democratic Republicans as Jefferson defeated Adams

Jeffersonian Democracy

Republican simplicity/wise and frugal gov’t…believed that a government that governs the least is the best and thus cut the budget, fired federal tax collectors, eliminated the whiskey tax, etc.

• Wanted America to become an agrarian republic and yeoman farmers

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Bonaparte offered entire territory for $15 million…dilemma for Jefferson

• Strict constructionist policies vs doubling the size of the US

• Eventually purchased and Jeff. sponsored Lewis and Clark expedition

Marbury v. Madison

Marshall estab. principle of judicial review

Embargo of 1807

Jefferson continued Washington’s policy of neutrality; Embargo Act would stop all exports of American goods to Europe and avoid US from being drawn into conflict b/w GB and France

• FAILURE—promoted manufacturing in the region

War of 1812

Causes:

• British impressment

• War Hawks hope to drive Britain from Canada and remove Indians from frontier

Effects:

• Restored American pride and reaffirmed independence

• Hartford Convention and the demise of the Federalist Party that made leaders seems unpatriotic

• interrupted trade

• intensified nationalism and Madison now supported National Bank + tariffs

James Monroe (Dem. Rep.) and Election of 1820

Began Era of Good Feelings as his presidency began with a surge of nationalism

American System

Sponsored by Henry Clay and similar to Hamilton’s vision:

1. National Bank

2. Tariff to raise revenue and support American industries

3. Program of federal support for internal improvements or transportation projects to unite the country

Judicial Nationalism

McCulloch v. Maryland

Gibbons v. Ogden

M v M: est. supremacy of federal laws over state laws

G v. O: declared only Congress to have power to regulate interstate commerce

Monroe Doctrine

New American foreign policy to Latin America:

• European nations stay out of internal affairs of newly independent America

• US would in return not involve with any est. European colonies in Western hemisphere

• Sign of America’s growing confidence amid Era of Good Feelings

Missouri Compromise

Context: Senate precariously balanced between 11 free and 11 slave states

• Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state

• North-dominated House of Reps. passed the Tallmadge Amendment prohibiting more slaves into Missouri and emancipation

• Henry Clay-sponsored compromise:

  • Missouri as a slave state

  • Maine as a free state

  • prohibit slavery in Louisiana Purchase north of 3630 line

Election of 1825 and Corrupt Bargain

Adams as president and Clay as new Secretary of State; Jackson and supporters outraged…end of Era of Good Feelings

Election of 1828

First Party system enabled peaceful transfer of powers; Jackson victory

Tenets of Jacksonian Democracy

• Belief in the Common Man

• Expanded Suffrage for white males

• Patronage—rewarding supporters w/ gov’t positions

• Opposition to privileged elites

Tariff of Abominations

Protective tariff that pushed rate to over 50 percent of the value of imports

• North flourished but South was forced to sell cotton in unprotected market and buy imported goods

Calhoun’s Doctrine of Nullification

States could declare a law “null and void” within their own borders

Jackson and the Force Bill

To use the army to enforce federal law in South Carolina

Clay proposed compromise to reduce duties over next ten years

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Covetous white settlers wanted their land; passed providing for exchange of Indian lands for gov’t lands in newly established Indian territory

Worcester vs Georgia (1832)

Cherokee challenged removal and Marshall upheld Cherokee’s legal right to their land

The Trail of Tears

Forcible evacuation of Cherokee from homes