Review Lesson 4 Bio 2 Quarter 3

Muscular System

Movement, Posture, Heat Production

what is the functions of muscular system?

Striated Voluntary

Skeletal Muscle is also known as ?

Skeletal Muscle

this type of muscle is attached to the skeleton

Skeletal Muscle

controlled by voluntary nervous system via somatic motor nerves in spinal and in some cranial nerves

Smooth Involuntary

Visceral Muscle is also called as ?

Visceral Muscle

located in the muscle layer of visceral organs

Visceral Muscle

controlled by autonomic nervous system via autonomic motor neuron

Striated Involuntary

Cardiac Muscle is also known as ?

Cardiac Muscle

this is found in the heart

Cardiac Muscle

its control is identical to that of smooth muscle

Skeletal Muscle

typically spindle-shaped

Skeletal Muscle

composed of long muscle cells

muscle fibers

the long muscle cells found in the skeletal muscle is referred to as ?

fascia

muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue called ?

muscle bundle

every skeletal muscle contains several?

fasciculi/fascicle

muscle bundle are also known as ?

blood vessels

Skeletal Muscle is richly supplied with ? which provide nutrients to and remove wastes from the muscle

transverse tubules

In the process of muscle contraction, electrical energy are transmitted along ?

troponin

In the process of muscle contraction, calcium ion released activates ?

troponin

this normally blocks interaction between myosin and actin

ATP

In the process of muscle contraction, ? released causes actin to slide along myosin filaments

Flexor

bends a part towards another

Flexor

biceps brachii has a muscle action of ?

Extensor

straightens a part

Extensor

triceps brachii has a muscle action of ?

Adductor

draws a part towards the median line

Adductor

pectoralis has a muscle action of ?

Adductor

Adductor longus has a muscle action of ?

Abductor

draws a part away from the median line

Abductor

Deltoid has a muscle action of ?

Abductor

Supraspinatus has a muscle action of ?

Levator

raise a part

Levator

Levator Scapulae has a muscle action of ?

Depressor

lowers a part

Depressor

Trapezius has a muscle action of ?

Depressor

Serratus anterior has a muscle action of ?

Constrictor

closes an opening

Constrictor

Sphincter pupillae has a muscle action of ?

Dilator

works against a constrictor

Dilator

Dilator pupillae has a muscle action of ?

Pronator

bends back of hand forward

Pronator

Pronator teres has a muscle action of ?

Pronator

Pronator quadratus has a muscle action of ?

Supinator

bends the palm forward

Supinator

Supinator muscle has a muscle action of ?

Rotator

turns a part

Hypertrophy

physical enlargement of a muscle due to addition of more myofibrils to the muscle fibers making them swell

Atrophy

reduction in the size of a muscle due to the decrease in the number of myofibrils in the muscle fibers

Treppe or bowditch effect

a phenomenon observed in muscle tissue where consecutive stimulations result in progressively stronger contractions until a plateau is reached

Staircase Phenomenon

Treppe or bowditch effect is also known as ?

Shivering

rapid, repetitive, involuntary skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by hypothalamic temperature-regulating center

Cramps

caused by sustained muscle contraction

Rigor Mortis

strong association of actin and myosin after death due to ATP depletion. However, subsequent bacterial decomposition of muscle proteins brings about relaxation

Bursae

small sacs lined with sinusoid membrane and contains synovial fluid

Bursae

act as cushions relieving pressure between moving parts

Bursae

located whenever pressure is exerted over moving parts like between skin and bone, tendons and bone, muscles or ligaments and bones

Muscular System

responsible for movement, posture, heat production, and organ function.

Skeletal Muscle

attached to bones; responsible for body movement

Skeletal Muscle

controlled consciously

Skeletal Muscle

examples of this type of muscle are biceps, quadriceps, and deltoid

Cardiac muscle

pumps blood through rhythmic contractions

Cardiac muscle

Has intercalated discs for synchronized beating.

Visceral muscle

found in organs, blood vessels, digestive tract

Visceral muscle

controls involuntary movement

pairs

Muscles work in ? : One contracts (agonist), the other relaxes (antagonist).

ATP

muscle require ? for movement

neuromuscular junction

Where nerves stimulate muscles to contract.

sliding filament

muscle contraction follows the ? theory

actin and myosin filaments

the sliding filament theory involves ?

sarcomere

actin and myosin filaments are in the ?

sarcomere

basic unit of muscle

nerve signal

In the first step of muscle contraction, ? reaches the muscle

sarcolemma, transverse tubules

In the second step of muscle contraction, the nerve signal travel along the ? and moves down the ? deep into the muscle fiber

troponin

In the third step of muscle contraction, calcium ions are released, which binds to ?

calcium

In the third step of muscle contraction, ? ions are released

ATP

In the last step of muscle contraction, ? powers myosin movement causing actin filaments to slide which makes muscle contract

Hypertrophy

increase in muscle size due to resistance training

Testosterone and growth hormones

in muscle tears, what aids in recovery?

microtears

? in muscle fibers from exercise stimulate repair

Bursae

these are small, fluid-filled sacs

Bursae

reduce friction between muscles, tendons, and bones

Bursae

act as shock absorbers

Bursae

prevent inflammation in joints