Biol1203 - Unit 2 - Cardiovascular system I - Lecture Slides

Blood is a __________ tissue made up of cellular elements and an extracellular matrix.

connective

The __________ are known as the formed elements of blood.

cellular elements

The major components of blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and __________.

platelets

The main extracellular matrix in blood is called __________.

plasma

Blood serves three primary functions: transportation, defense, and __________.

maintenance of homeostasis

Hemoglobin consists of four folded chains of a protein called __________.

globin

Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of __________.

erythrocytes

Ineffective hematopoiesis can lead to forms of __________.

anemia

Thrombocytopenia refers to an __________ number of platelets.

insufficient

The three steps of hemostasis are vascular spasm, __________ and coagulation.

platelet plug

The __________ pathway of coagulation is triggered by trauma.

extrinsic

Fibrinolysis is the process of __________ degradation of the clot.

gradual

A thrombus can impede blood flow and may lead to an __________ if it breaks free.

embolism

The wall of a capillary consists of an endothelial layer surrounded by a __________ membrane.

basement

The __________ system is responsible for transporting blood to and from the lungs.

pulmonary

The __________ factors in coagulation are primarily secreted by the liver.

clotting

Vasodilation increases the diameter of a blood vessel, while __________ decreases it.

vasoconstriction

An artery conducts blood __________ from the heart.

away

Blood viscosity is influenced by the presence of plasma proteins and formed __________.

elements

A __________ is a very small artery that leads to a capillary.

arteriole

Erythrocytes transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's __________.

tissues

What is hemostasis?

The process by which the body stops bleeding and maintains blood in a fluid state within the vascular system.

What are the three phases of hemostasis?

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.

What role do platelets play in hemostasis?

Platelets aggregate at the site of injury to form a temporary 'plug' and release chemicals that promote coagulation.

What is the role of fibrin in coagulation?

Fibrin forms a mesh that stabilizes the platelet plug, creating a more permanent clot.

What initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation?

Tissue factor released from damaged tissue.

What is the intrinsic pathway of coagulation initiated by?

It is initiated by damage to the blood vessel surface, exposing collagen.

What is the function of thrombin in the coagulation cascade?

Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates other coagulation factors.

What is the significance of vitamin K in hemostasis?

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of several clotting factors, including prothrombin.

What is the purpose of anticoagulants?

Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting by inhibiting various factors in the coagulation cascade.

What is a common clinical condition related to excessive blood clotting?

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), where, inappropriately, a blood clot forms in a vein.