Purposive Communication 1-2

Week 1-2

Importance of Communication

1. Promotes understanding

2. Strengthens relationships

3. Enhances academic success

4. Support professional development

5. Facilitates social change

6. Builds cultural understanding

5 domains of language

-Phonology

-Morphology

-Syntax

-Semantics

-Pragmatics

Phonology

Sound of language

Morphology

Sound formed into words

Syntax

Structure and arrangements of words

Semantics

Literal meaning of the sentence

Pragmatics

Application of sentence given the context within social situation

Upward vs downward vs lateral

upward maintains level of respect (down-up)

downward has sense of authority (top-down)

lateral is equal or in-between

Nature of Communication

-Process

-Interactive

-Dynamic

-Contextual

-Symbolic

-Purposeful

-Irreversable

Process

must compose elements of communication

Interactive

equal opportunities to speak up

Dynamic

constantly changing; example: languages

Symbolic

signs, gestures, symbols

Purposeful

purpose/objective; what are you communicating for?

Irreversible

cannot come back or take back; impossible to change

Elements of Communication

-Sender

-Encoding

-Message

-Channel

-Receiver

-Decoding

-Context

-Interference

Sender

The person who starts the communication

Encoding

Turning ideas into words, symbols, or gestures

Message

The information being communicated

Medium vs Channel

Medium: broad category (written) (spoken)

Channel: specific pathway (writing, letters, or texting) (tv, radio, or face to face)

Receiver

The person who gets the message

Decoding

Interpreting or understanding the message

Context

The situation or environment where communication occurs

Interference

Anything that interferes with communication

Ex: physical, language, psychological, cultural, semantic, and organizational barriers

Different Functions of Communication

-Informative

-Expressive

-Persuasive

-Social (Relational)

-Regulatory

-Motivational

-Entertainment

Informative

Educational; knowledge or facts

Purpose: increase awareness and understanding

Expressive

Release emotions

Purpose: express oneself and communicate personal thoughts

Persuasive

Power in language

Purpose: convince, motivate, or encourage a response

Social (Relational)

Build connections or relationships

Purpose: build rapport, cooperation, and social connections

Regulatory

Regulate; giving instructions

Purpose: maintain order, coordination, and discipline

Motivational

Inspirational; make you reflect and think

Purpose: encourage productivity, confidence, and positive action

Entertainment

Communication provides enjoyment, amusement, and relaxation; subjective.

Purpose: To entertain and engage audiences

Models of Communication

Lasswell (1948): focused on communication elements and message effects.

Shannon & Weaver (1949): Introduces noise and information transmission.

Osgood (1954): Presented communication as a circular, interactive process.

Schramm (1954): Emphasized feedback and shared field of experience.

Newcomb (1953): Explained communication as maintaining social balance.

Communication Models

Models that explain how messages are sent, received, and understood.

1. Linear Model: one way, sender to receiver, no feedback

2. Interactive Model: two way, receiver provides feedback, context and experiences influence meaning.

3. Transactional Model: both participants act as sender or receiver simultaneously, continuous and dynamic, influenced by culture, emotions, environment, and relationships.

Communication Breakdowns

1. Poor listening

2. Misinterpretation

3. Lack of feedback

4. Information overload

5. Emotional reactions

6. Technological problems

Types of Communication

-Intrapersonal

-Interpersonal

-Group

-Public

-Mass

Intrapersonal

Communicate with yourself; within yourself

Interpersonal

communicate and build relationships with other people

Group

No speaker or audience; equal

Public

Requires bigger audience

Mass

Caters to the audience from distant areas; third party