Networks (EdExcel)

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35 Terms

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Network

Two or more computers or electronic devices connected for communication, using wired (cables) or wireless (Wi-Fi) mediums.

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Stand-alone

A computer or device not connected to a network.

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Advantages of Using Networks

Benefits include software and file sharing, hardware sharing, communication, roaming access, centralized maintenance, security, user monitoring, and levels of access.

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Disadvantages of Networks

Drawbacks include cost, management requirements, spread of malware, and hacking risks.

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Local Area Network (LAN)

Geographically confined network within a single site, owned and maintained by the organization.

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Wide Area Network (WAN)

Spans a wide geographical area, made up of multiple LANs, used for communication and data sharing.

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Wired Networks

Use copper or fiber optic cables for faster data transfer and less interference compared to wireless networks.

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Wireless Networks

Use radio signals or infrared light, allowing easy addition of new nodes and user mobility.

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Network Data Speeds

Measured in bits per second (bps), with 1 Mbps equal to 1,000,000 bits per second.

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Formula for Calculating Transmission Time

time = size of file (in bits) / network speed (in bits).

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Protocols

Rules governing communication, including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, TCP/IP, HTTP/HTTPS, and FTP.

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Ethernet

A network protocol that is used in wired LANs.

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Wi-Fi

A network protocol that is used in wireless LANs.

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TCP/IP

A network protocol that is enables communication over the internet.

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HTTP/HTTPS

A network protocol that governs web server and client communication; _____ includes secure encryption.

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FTP

A network protocol that governs file transmission across a network and the internet.

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Network Layering

Involves application, transport, internet, and link layers for message sending components.

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SMTP

An email protocol that governs sending email to a mail server.

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POP3/IMAP

An email protocol that governs retrieving emails from servers (IMAP is the newer standard).

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Layering

Breaking up message sending into components/activities. Has four layers.

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Application Layer

Layer in a network that encodes/decodes messages (uses HTTP, FTP, SMTP).

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Transport Layer

Layer in a network that breaks messages into packets, and assigns numbers for reassembly.

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Internet Layer

Layer in a network that adds IP addresses for routing and is sometimes called the network layer.

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Link Layer

Layer in a network that handles physical transfer of packets between nodes.

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IP Addressing

Uses IPv4 (32 bits) and IPv6 (128 bits) for node addresses.

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Packet Switching

Breaks messages into packets for transmission, consisting of headers and payloads. Has two parts.

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Header

Part of a packet that includes sender/recipient IP, packet number, total packets, and protocol details.

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Payload

Part of a packet that is a part of the message itself.

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Network Topologies

The arrangement, or pattern, in which all nodes on a network are connected together. The major network topologies are Bus, Ring, Star, and Mesh.

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Node

Any device connected to a network, either by cables or wirelessly.

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Bus Networks

All nodes joined to a single cable. At each end of the cable, a terminator is fitted to stop signals reflecting back down the bus.

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Star Networks

Nodes connected through one or more switches/hubs. The switch or hub acts as a central point through which all communications are passed.

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Hub

Broadcasts a message across the whole network.

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Switch

Sends the message to the intended recipient only.

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Mesh Networks

Nodes connected to multiple other nodes without a central connection point, offering reliability and multiple communication routes.