Exam

Donald J. Trump

45th and 47th president of the United States, Republican, launched "Make America Great Again" movement, had two impeachment trials.

Emmett Till

14-year-old African American boy killed in Mississippi in 1955 after allegedly whistling at a white woman.

John Glenn

First American to orbit the Earth aboard Friendship 7; a pioneering astronaut and U.S. Senator.

George H.W. Bush

41st U.S. President (1989–1993) known for leading the Gulf War coalition and signing the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Barack Obama

44th president of the U.S. (2009 to 2017), first African American president, known for the Affordable Care Act.

Reaganomics

Economic policy to combat stagflation focusing on deregulation, tax cuts, and tightening money supply.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Last leader of the Soviet Union, known for glasnost and perestroika during the end of the Cold War.

Cuban Missile Crisis

13-day standoff between the US and USSR over nuclear missiles in Cuba, bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

American communists executed for espionage by passing atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union.

Yalta and Potsdam

Conferences where the 'Big Three' planned the postwar order and end of WWII.

Joe Biden

46th president of the U.S. (2021-2025), previously served as Vice President under Obama.

Bill Clinton

42nd President of the U.S. (1993-2001), known for the longest economic expansion and signing NAFTA.

Apollo 11

Historic mission that first landed humans on the Moon, famous for Neil Armstrong's moonwalk.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Landmark law that ended segregation in public places and prohibited employment discrimination.

General Douglas MacArthur

Five-star general and pivotal commander in the Pacific during World War II and Korean War.

HUAC

House of Representatives committee that investigated suspected disloyalty and communist subversion.

Truman Doctrine

Policy providing assistance to democratic nations under threat from authoritarian forces.

Berlin Airlift

Allied mission delivering supplies to West Berlin after the Soviet blockade.

Shirley Chisholm

First Black woman elected to Congress and first Black candidate for a major party's presidential nomination.

George W. Bush

43rd President known for the war on terror and major tax cuts following the 9/11 attacks.

Malcolm X

African American leader advocating for Black empowerment and human rights.

Gerald Ford

38th U.S. President, who pardoned Nixon after assuming office.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation prohibiting discriminatory voting practices and establishing federal oversight.

Executive Order 9981

Order signed by Truman abolishing racial discrimination in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Nikita Khrushchev

Leader of the Soviet Union known for building the Berlin Wall and during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

United Nations

International organization founded in 1945 to maintain global peace and security.

Battle of Britain

Nazi Germany's air campaign against the UK in 1940 to prevent invasion.

Pearl Harbor

Japanese attack on December 7, 1941, that brought the U.S. into WWII.

Adolf Hitler

Nazi dictator who started WWII with the invasion of Poland in 1939.

2nd Battle of El Alamein

British victory in North Africa that prevented German forces from seizing the Suez Canal.

Siege of Stalingrad

Turning point battle in WWII resulting in a Soviet victory after months of conflict.

Normandy Invasion (D-Day)

Largest amphibious assault in military history, launched on June 6, 1944.

Battle of Midway

Decisive American victory against Japan in June 1942 that changed the tide of the Pacific War.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Two Japanese cities where atomic bombs were dropped in August 1945.

Tuskegee Airmen

African American military pilots during WWII known for their distinguished service.

Navajo Code Talkers

Native American tribe used their language as a code during WWII.

Geneva Convention

Meeting aimed at ensuring humane treatment of prisoners of war according to established rules.

Bataan Death March

Forced march of American and Filipino prisoners by the Japanese during WWII.

Jewish

Religious group targeted by the Nazis attempting to exterminate during the Holocaust.

Nuremberg

Trials held to bring Nazi war criminals to justice after WWII.

Nisei Regiments

Japanese American soldiers known for their bravery during WWII.

George C. Marshall

U.S. Army Chief of Staff during WWII and architect of the Marshall Plan.

Harry S. Truman

33rd U.S. President who led after FDR and desegregated the military.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Supreme Allied Commander during WWII; later became the 34th U.S. President.

Bernard Montgomery

British field marshal who played a crucial role in WWII campaigns in North Africa and Europe.

Office of Strategic Services

U.S. wartime intelligence agency, precursor to the CIA.

Japanese Internment Camps

Forced relocation and incarceration of Japanese-Americans during WWII.

Hediki Tojo

Prime Minister of Japan during much of WWII; ordered Pearl Harbor attack.

Okinawa

Final major battle of WWII in the Pacific, resulting in significant casualties.

Iwo Jima

Key battle in the Pacific Theatre where Marines captured a crucial Japanese island.

Tet Offensive

Major military campaign during the Vietnam War launched by North Vietnamese forces.

Dr. Jonas Salk

American researcher known for developing the first successful polio vaccine.

Ruth Bader Ginsburg

Second female justice on the Supreme Court, appointed by President Bill Clinton.

Navajo

Native American tribe whose language was used as an unbreakable code during WWII.

24th Amendment

Constitutional amendment prohibiting the poll tax in U.S. elections.

Earl Warren

14th Chief Justice who ruled in Brown v. Board, leading to desegregation.

Loving v. Virginia

Landmark Supreme Court case that ruled state bans on interracial marriage unconstitutional.

Brown v. Board

Supreme Court decision that desegregated public schools in the United States.

Joseph Stalin

Leader of the Soviet Union during WWII until his death in 1953.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Leader of the Civil Rights Movement known for his 'I Have a Dream' speech.