Chapter 2: condensed and line-bond structures

chemical formula

composition of a compound

degree of unsaturation for organic compounds

number of double bonds or rings

dbe

degree of unsaturation

what is the formula for dbe

2(# of C) +2 -(# of H) +(# of N) -(# Hal) / 2

what is the formula for dbe #2

(# of C) +1 - ½ (# of H + # of Hal - # of N)

structural formula

shows connectivity

where can rotation happen?

around single bonds

what is line structure

zigzag format

each end represents a C atom

number of H atoms is understood

line-bond structures and formal charges

we can assume that atoms in a line bond structure have full octets

what do formal charges or lone pairs indicate?

they indicate a modification in the number of bonds compared to “normal”

what is an organic compound?

compound that always has carbon and hydrogen

may contain heteroatoms

what is methane

simplest hydrocarbon

what is methanol

simplest alcohol

what is a functional group

a special group of atoms bonded in a specific way that identifies the class or type of organic compound

what do functional determine

physical behavior like melting point, solubility and chemical reactivity

hydrocarbons

contain only C or H

alkane

c-c single bonds only

alkene

at least one C-C double bond

alkyne

at least one C-C triple bond

aromatic

contains phenyl ring, has double bonds

saturated

maximum number of bonds to other atoms

unsaturated

one or more multiple bonds

alcohol

-OH is attached to a C with only single bonds

ether

O between 2 carbon groups

phenol

-OH attached to phenyl ring

aldehyde

ketone

carboxylic acid

-COOH

ester

amine

amide

structural isomers

same molecular formula

different structures and different connectivity of atoms