Geology Chapter 2 Quiz 🌎

Normal fault

A type of fault where the ground moves in an up-and-down direction

Surface waves

seismic waves that travel along the Earth's surface

Amplitude

the height of a wave's crest

Glaciation

a period of global cooling during which continental ice sheets and mountain glaciers expand

Calving

process by which a block of a glacier breaks off and falls into the sea to form an iceberg

Ice Core Data

Data gathered by climate scientists to compare the composition of the atmosphere today to its composition in the past.

Sand Dunes

Glacial Lake Sediment

global cooling

the process in which the atmospheric temperature decreases due to increase amounts of dust particles from combustion of fossil fuels

Earthquakes

When the tectonic plates are constantly pushing together or pulling apart, causing stress on rocks

Faults

Where are the plates meet

Strike-slips faults

Where are the plates move horizontally meaning side to side and are usually along boundaries between two plates

Reverse fault

a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust

Focus

The point where an earthquake originates

Epicentre

the point on the surface directly above the focus

Primary Waves (P-Waves)

Particles vibrate in the same direction moving back-and-forth they are also fast moving waves

Secondary Waves (S Waves)

Particles vibrate up and down slower, moving waves walking

Surface Waves (L-Waves)

Waves at the surface of the ground, which come after PS are rolling and cause the most damage

Love waves

Surface waves: side to side

Rayleigh waves

Surface waves that have a rolling motion

Seismometer

Instrument that detects and record seismic waves

Tsunami

Giant wall of water created by movement of tectonic plates under the ocean

Subduction

One plate going under another plate

Richter Magnitude

Measures the strength (magnitude) of earthquakes

Continental Ice Sheet

A sheet of ice (often referred to as a glacier) of great thickness and area, large enough to cover a continent.

Drill Core

This is the rock cylinder removed from the ground during drilling

Petroleum Trap

A large quantity of petroleum confined between layers of impermeable rock

Seismometer

An instrument that detects and records seismic waves

Ice Age

A period of time during which eye sheets covered parts of the northern and southern hemisphere

Glacier

A large mass of moving ice and snow on land

Mountain glacier

a glacier that exists on a mountainous region

Drumlin

Teardrop shaped hills created by glacial erosion and deposition

Cambrian Explosion

When life formed and there was an appearance of diversity

Fossilization Sequence

1. organism dies 2. Gets buried by sediment 3. mineral replaces remains 4. Fossil forms overtime.

Trace fossil

A type of fossil that provides evidence of the activities of ancient organisms

Mould

shape or form

Cast

a solid copy of the shape of an organism

Moraines

piles of rocky debris left by melting glaciers

Cause of Mass Extinctions

Asteroid impacts, massive, volcanic eruptions, climate change changes in sea levels, lack of oxygen in seas

Burgess Shale

Canadian fossil formation that contains soft-bodied organisms as well as organisms with hard parts.

Still learning (8)

You've started learning these terms. Keep it up!