biology section 1

What is a protein

A long chain of amino acids

What are the four elements in a protein

Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

How many amino acids are there

20

How many chemical groups for R

20

Structure of protein

NH2-CRH-C=O-OH

What bonds attach amino acids in a protein

Strong peptide bonds

How many combination of proteins

Several hindered thousand and each combination is unique

What influences properties and structure of a chain/ protein

The order and type of amino acid

What is the primary structure

The order of which amino acids are arranged in a chain

What force holds coils and pleats in a secondary structure

weak hydrogen bonds

What is a tertiary structure

A coiled chain of amino acids in a ball held by a mixture of strong and weak chemical bonds such as disulfide bonds

What’s a spherical shaped protein called

A globular protein

What’s the term for the sum of all biochemical reactions.

Metabolism

What is a metabolic pathway

A single chain of biochemical reactions

Why are enzymes needed

They are a biological catalyst which speeds up the rate of reaction and without these reactions would take place slowly

What is activation energy

The amount of input energy required to start a reaction

Why are enzymes need 2

To reduce activation energy

What kind of protein are enzymes

Globular proteins

What’s an example of the use of an enzyme

Digestive enzyme break down food molecules into smaller digestible molecules or dna replication DNA polymerase

What’s a substance that an enzyme acts on called

Substrate

What’s an active site

A regional where a substrate molecule can attach itself where the catalysed reaction will take place

What are substrates and active sites

Complimentary

What happens when an enzyme substrate complex is formed

Products released and enzyme accepts more molecules

Enzymes are

Specific to one chemical reaction

How many substrates do enzymes fit

1

What happens if the active site changes

The affect of the enzyme is altered

Why do reaction speed increase with increased temperatures

Molecules have more energy

Why is to high a temperature bad for enzymes

The atom of the enzyme molecules vibrate rapidly and break weak bonds that hold tertiary structure

What is denaturing

The shape of active site has been changed

How does pH effect enzyme activity

Hydrogen and hydroxyl ions can disrupt and change weak bonds denaturing enzyme