GEOG 202 Mastering Geography- Latin America

The Galápagos Islands are part of what country?

Ecuador

Which of these countries does not have access to both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans?

El Salvador

Which of these countries is landlocked?

Bolivia

Which of these countries has the greatest latitudinal extent?

chile

Panama borders which two countries?

Colombia and Costa Rica

Tierra del Fuego is part of what country?

Argentina

The Yucatán Peninsula falls mostly within what country?

Mexico

If you were on a boat at the mouth of the Rio de la Plata in South America, ____________ would be on the shore directly to the north and _____________ on the shore directly to the south.

Uruguay, Argentina

Which of these physical features of is not adjacent to the Amazon Basin?

Sierra Madre Oriental

The Negro River is a tributary of which river?

Amazon

The Orinoco River flows on the western margin of what physical feature?

Guiana Highlands

The Paraná River's headwaters are located in what physical feature?

Brazilian Highlands

The Mato Grosso Plateau is located on the western margin of what physical feature?

Brazilian Highlands

Which of these rivers flows entirely within the Northern Hemisphere?

Orinoco

greater

São Francisco

Which of these countries has the largest percentage of arable land?

Argentina

Mexico

Bolivia

Brazil

Peru

Mexico

In which of these regions are the highest population densities found?

along the coasts

In which of these parts of Mexico are the highest population densities found?

in the interior

In regard to international flows within Latin America, a migrant from La Paz would most likely migrate to which of these countries?

Argentina

What do you think is the main reason for migration from Mexico and Central America to the United States?

desire for increased economic opportunity

What plants and animals would thrive in the Tierra Helada zone?

llamas, guinea pigs, and highland grains

What plants and animals would thrive in the Tierra Fria zone?

llamas, guinea pigs, and barley

What plants and animals would thrive in the Tierra Templada zone?

Coffee

What plants and animals would thrive in the Tierra Caliente zone?

Sugar cane, cattle, & poultry

In which zone would bananas thrive?

Tierra Caliente

Flowers are sometimes cut and used in decorative, fresh arrangements. Keeping in mind that cut flowers have a relatively short shelf life and are sensitive to extreme temperature, in which zone would cut flowers thrive?

Tierra Templada

What is the range of elevation above sea level in the Amazon Basin?

0-200 meters

Where does the Amazon system start?

in the Andes Mountains

What climate type is most common on the west coast of South America, to the west of the Andes Mountains?

B- Dry

Who was elected president of Brazil in 2002?

Luiz Inácio "Lula" da Silva

Where does Geraldo da Souza, who is featured in the video, work?

at an automotive factory

What is the driving factor behind the decisions of auto manufacturers?

increasing the share price

Why were many workers in Sao Paulo, like Geraldo da Souza, laid off?

So factories could cut costs.

What is one effect of the many layoffs in the automotive industry in Sao Paulo?

Morale is low, and people have had a hard time finding new jobs.

What is most of Brazil's budget spent on?

debt

How has globalization affected Brazil?

positively, by creating new jobs, and negatively, by making Brazil dependent on other countries

Which of the following situations would affect whether or not Brazil can pay back its debt?

International markets gain more confidence in Brazil.

What is "First Employment"?

an employment initiative program launched in 2004 by Brazil designed to help young people get jobs

What country accounts for almost half of Latin America's total economic output?

Brazil. It has a strong economy compared to many other Latin American countries

Which conventionally grown agricultural crop uses more pesticides than any other?

coffee

Why are mudslides becoming more common in places like Guatemala?

deforestation & overgrazing

What is the leading cause of deforestation in Guatemala?

need for firewood. Guatemala's temperatures drop quickly at night, and large amounts of firewood are needed to heat homes.

How have coffee farmers in Guatemala changed their farming practices to be more sustainable?

They are recycling and purifying their water.

What is one effect of growing coffee organically?

less toxic water waste

Why do plants grow so rapidly in Guatemala's river valleys, often blocking the flow of water?

Pollutants like phosphorus and other fertilizers lead to rapid plant growth.

Which country is the principal supplier of the world's organic coffee?

Mexico.

Mexico supplies 20.5 percent of the world's organic coffee, making it the world's leading producer.

After oil, what is the second most traded commodity in the world?

Coffee.

The annual coffee trade amounts to more than $85 billion globally.

What is at the heart of the crisis in the coffee industry today?

Overproduction.

How does the rapid expansion of coffee production affect its quality?

Overall quality is reduced due to poor processing methods.

What is one downside to the coffee production method used in Ethiopia?

Coffee is more expensive.

Ethiopians use traditional and sustainable farming methods, as opposed to plantations elsewhere. While this method of farming creates a high-quality product, it is also labor intensive and more expensive.

How has Brazil been able to increase its income from coffee production?

by selling more coffee to Brazilians

Why is it difficult for farmers to switch from coffee to other crops?

Switching to other crops is expensive.

Currently, Fair Trade accounts for _____ of the current global coffee market.

1 percent

What is the purpose of the Fair Trade system?

to secure fixed prices for farmers and ensure high-quality products

About how much money is sent in remittances worldwide every year?

$200 billion

Why do economic migrants relocate?

to find better wages

Where do most economic migrants to the United States come from?

Latin America

How are remittances in Latin America different from other forms of financial aid?

Remittances go directly to poor people.

Why isn't it possible for migrants who have a "temporary protected status" to return home?

Workers who leave the United States are not allowed back.

What is one drawback to economic migration and remittances that affects the social conditions in developing countries?

In developing countries, economic success means migrating elsewhere.

Young people in developing countries see migration as the only means to prosperity.

What is the effect of remittances on the governments of developing countries?

Governments can come to depend on remittances to care for their people rather than providing such services.

According to the video, which of the following strategies would be a beneficial alternative to spending money from remittances?

Invest in the infrastructure of family farms.

What are micro-financial institutions?

small banks and credit unions in remote areas

Which environmental issue is most commonly associated with Latin America?

Deforestation.

In addition to deforestation in the Amazon rain forest, the unique evergreen rain forest of Chile and the coniferous forests of northern Mexico are also threatened by international demand for wood products.

Which of the following global trends is most responsible for grassification in Latin America?

growing demand for meat for domestic markets and for export.

As more people around the globe add meat to their diet (especially beef), the response has been to cut down forests and replace them with pastures of grass to feed cattle.

In altitudinal zonation, if the temperature at sea level is 80°F, approximately what will the temperature be at 1 mile (there are 5,280 feet in a mile) above sea level?

62°F

Which pattern of migration plays the greatest role in creating and maintaining primate cities in Latin America?

rural-to-urban migration

What event precipitated the Indian demographic collapse in Latin America?

the arrival of European colonists in the region.

The elimination of 90% of the indigenous population was largely caused by epidemics of influenza and smallpox, warfare, forced labor, and starvation due to the collapse of food production systems.

In 2008, Brazil initiated the formation of a 12-member supranational structure, which includes virtually all of South America. What is the name of this particular trade block?

UNASUR.

Brazil's lead in this initiative underscores its larger geopolitical ambitions to influence South American development and to secure a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a syncretic religious practice?

A Mexican family brings apples to a cave where they have placed a statue of Saint Francis of Assisi.

This represents a blending of Roman Catholicism and traditional worship of pre-Christian gods.

Which of the following practices of the Spanish and Portuguese colonizers in Latin America is most consistent with dependency theory?

Spain's forbidding manufacturing in its colonies in Latin America

Except for a few basic products, such as crude woolen cloth and agricultural tools, Spain prohibited its colonies from manufacturing, thus forcing them to purchase most finished goods from Spain.

Which of the following economic activities is an example of a maquiladora?

an automobile assembly plant worker in Tijuana, Mexico, across the border from San Diego, California

Maquiladoras are assembly plants that most often are located on the Mexican side of the U.S.-Mexico border.

Which of the following descriptions is an example of a conditional cash transfer?

families that receive a monthly check from the state but are required to keep their children in school and take them to clinics for health checkups

Where in Chile did the magnitude 8.2 earthquake strike in 2014?

Off the coast of northern Chile near the town of Iquique

What was the human impact of the earthquake?

There were fewer than 10 deaths but almost 1 million people evacuated their homes.