Part 6: Antibody

Paul Ehrlich

Side Chain Theory was introduced by ___________

Niels Jerne and Macfarlane Burnet

They introduced clonal selection

Serum Free Light Chain

Sensitive indicator of a monoclonal gammopathy fond in Multiple Myeloma

Bence-Jones Protein

Light chains secreted by malignant plasma cells found in urine

Antigen binding

Primary function of Antibody

Pepsin

Antibody is cleaved into 2 pieces: Fc and F(ab2)

Papain

Antibody is cleaved into 3 pieces: Fc and 2 F(ab)

4 deg

Fc is crystallizable at what degree

Fc

Important in effector function of Ig (opsonization & complement fixation)

CH (Constant Heavy chain)

Determines whether an Ig molecule can fix the complement

CH2

Complement C1q binding portion

carboxy

Fc portion represents the______ terminal

Ch1 and CH2

Hinge region can be found between______

proline

Hinge region has high content of _______ flexibility

Hinge Region

Enhance functional activity of Fc

GAnDHI (IgG, IgA and IgD)

Antibody with Hinge region

Epitiope

The shape recognize by the B cell

Paratope

Shape where the B cell binds

Fab

Antigen-Antibody combining site

Amino acid

Fab has ________terminal

Fd Fragment

1 LC and ½ HC

Isotype

Same heavy chain for each class and determine Ig type/ class

Allotype

Variations in constant region

Idiotype

Variations in variable regions that give individual antibody molecules

Variable region

Determines the antibody specificity

Mercaptoethanol

Breaks IgM into 5 units

IgM

Primary responder Antibody

4 deg

IgM reacts best at what temp

IgM

Marker of Congenital Infection

Complement Fixation

IgM is the most important function of IgM

IgA

aka Reagin antibody; antibody that participates in Hypersensitivity

IgE

Most heat labile Antibody

IgE

Antibody considered as Master of Multiple Allergies

IgD

The most loyal antibody, plays a role in B cell activation, maturation and differentiation

IgA

Patrol mucosal surfaces as a first line of defense

Secretory IgA

Protects Ig from intestinal proteolytic enzyme

IgA1

IgA found in serum

IgA2

IgA found in mucosal surface and secretion

IgA1

accounts for 90% of IgA

IgG

The most predominant immunoglobulin in human blood and interstitial fluid.

IgG

Anamnestic response

IgG1

Most predominant IgG and most efficient in crossing the placenta

IgG3

Most efficient IgG in binding complement and has the largest hinge region

IgG2

IgG that never crosses the placenta

IgG4

IgG that never fixes complement

IgG2 and IgG4

IgG against carbohydrates

MEDAG (IgM>IgE>IgD>IgA>IgG)

Order of Molecular weight from most to least heaviest Ig

0.005%

Concentration of IgE

IgM and IgA

Ig that has J chain

Kohler and Milstein

Discoverer of Monoclonal Antibodies

Hybridoma

Method of Monoclonal Antibodies

Myeloma cell

“immortal cell”

PEG (Polyethylene glycol)

It has the ability to fuse myeloma cell and mouse spleen cell

HAT (Hypoxanthine, Aminopterin, Thymidine)

Restrictive medium to isolate Hybridoma cells

Mice

Source of Monoclonal Antibodies

Rabbit

Source of Polyclonal Antibodies

Guinea Pig

Source of Complement

sheep

Source of RBC