Biology - Unit 5: Cell Function and Homeostasis

Unit 5 Biology Vocab

Cell membrane

Regulates materials entering and leaving cell; protects and supports cell

Phospholipid bi-layer

Double layered sheet that makes up cell membrane, flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between cell+surroundings

Selectively permeable

Some substances can pass through membranes, others cannot

Fluid mosaic

cell membrane has many different kinds of molecules, proteins embedded in lipid bilayer “float”

Hydrophobic

Fatty acid portion of lipid is “water hating”

Hydrophilic

Opposite end of molecule is “water loving”

Protein channel

Help move material across cell membrane

Aquaporins

Channel proteins - facilitate diffusion of water between cells or in cell membrane

Prokaryotic cell

Cells that do not enclose DNA in nuclei, ex: bacteria

eukaryotic cell

Generally larger and more complex, the nucleus separates the genetic material. Ex: plants, animals, fungi

Cytoplasm

Portion of the cell outside of the nucleus

Chloroplast

Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis

Mitochondria

Convert chemical energy stored in food molecules into compounds more convenient for cell use.

Ribosome

Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. rRNA, protein synthesis

Endoplasmic reticulum

Internal membrane system, lipids synthesized and proteins + materials exported

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release from the cell.

cell wall

Strong supporting layer around the membrane