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Summative Exam
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Random Sampling
Every individual in the population has an equal chance of being chosen.
Stratified Sampling
The population is divided into subgroups (strata) based on a shared characteristic (e.g., gender, grade level), and random samples are taken from each group.
Cluster Sampling
The population is divided into groups (clusters), and entire clusters are randomly selected.
Systematic Sampling
Selecting every kth individual from a list after choosing a random starting point.
Convenience Sampling
Selecting individuals who are easiest to reach or available.
Purposive Sampling
Researcher selects individuals who fit specific criteria or purpose.
Quota Sampling
Researcher ensures certain characteristics appear in the sample but does not randomly select them.
Snowball Sampling
Existing subjects recruit future subjects — used when the population is hard to reach.