Contemporary issues Qs

What is the difference b/w statistical and clinical significance

Statistical

• The probability that the observed group difference happened by chance. If it's less than 5% (p < .05) and the study is well-designed, the result is statistically significant, suggesting the IV caused the difference.

Clinical

• notable real world change in a clients symptoms or behavior is produced.

What are 4 dimensions of social validity a researcher could measure?

1. significant improvements with the client

2. comparing client with groups that show the normative or wanted behavior

3. researcher and client are on the same page ab the behavior

4. clients prefers the intervention the researcher suggested

What is the difference between a p-value (or alpha) and an effect size

p-value: specific probility that a calculated value of a test static (difference b/w 2 group means) is due to chance. If its less than 5%, the results are considered statistically significant. Falls in statistical significance

p-value = Is there an effect?

Effect size: quantitative statement about the size or magnitude os the effect produced by the IV or intervention.

Effect size = How strong is the effect?

How do SCD researchers demonstrate external validity?

By replication:

• Intrasubject – Repeat with the same person

• Intersubject – Test on different people

• Systematic – Vary settings, procedures, or populations
  They show consistent effects instead of using large samples.

What is the difference between direct and systematic replication? Provide an example of each

1. direct: involves repeating a study exact as it was originally conducted. but with different subjects

   example: A behavior plan that worked for one student with autism is tested on another student using the same steps, in the same setting.

2. Systematic: repeating a study but intentionally modifying some features, such as subjects, settings, or procedural details

   example: That same behavior plan is now tested on a student in a different classroom or with a different type of behavior to see if it still works.

Why are SCDs amenable is applied settings?

R – Real clients:
Works with individuals, not big groups.

E – Easy to use:
Doesn’t need lots of people or resources.

A – Adjust as needed:
Lets you change the plan quickly based on the data.

L – Local effects:
Focuses on what works for this person, right now.