Waples/Comparative Government and Politics 1e - Ch 1

Comparative politics

The study of similarities and differences between states, how different government systems operate, and why political changes occur.

Comparative method

Examining the same phenomenon in several cases and reaching conclusions.

Causation

A statistical concept, when a change in one variable precipitates a change in another variable.

Correlation

A statistical concept indicating an apparent connection between variables.

Empirical statement

An assertion of fact that can be proven.

Normative statement

A value judgment, usually in the form of a should or ought statement.

Quantitative data

Observations made using statistical techniques, which are often conveyed in charts, graphs, tables, and maps.

Qualitative data

Text-based descriptions, including explanations of how government and political institutions function.

Source analysis

Reading and analyzing text.

Human Development Index (HDI)

An aggregate measure of life expectancy, education, and per capita income.

Gross domestic product (GDP)

The total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year.

GDP per capita

Gross domestic product divided by population.

GDP growth rate

The percentage of GDP growth over a period of time.

Gini index (coefficient)

A measure of income inequality within a country.

Freedom House

A nongovernmental organization that advocates for democracy and human rights and measures freedom around the world.

Democratic consolidation

The process by which a regime has developed stable democratic institutions and significant protections of civil liberties and is unlikely to revert to authoritarianism.

Corruption

The abuse of official power for personal gain.

Corruption Perceptions Index

A measure of how corrupt a system is believed to be.

Strong state

A state that is capable of providing necessary government services to its citizens.

Failed state

A state that has lost control over all or part of its territory.

Fragile States Index

A measure of state strength, highlighting concerns about fragile and failed states.