PSY232 : Developmental Psychology

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of ________.

the mind and the behavior it produces

In one of the earliest published scientific accounts of child development, Victor, the Wild Boy of Aveyron

raised without human contact

Which of the following best demonstrates the concept of application?

1. changing social media policies based on research showing how they impact teenagers

2. comparing how teenagers communicate with each other compared to how children interact

3. studying children's eating and sleeping habits throughout the world

4. understanding the best ways to raise children and teenagers

1. changing social media policies based on research showing how they impact teenagers

Developmental psychologists often refer to social, personality, and emotional topics as what kind of development?

psychosocial

Continuous development is to discontinuous development as ________.

gradual is to abrupt

The reaction range (or range of reaction) refers to what?

upper and lower limits of skills

After losing their home due to a hurricane, Dietrich's parents notice that he has been very helpful with his siblings and that his grades have improved. Dietrich is demonstrating ________.

resilience

The key developmental task in Erik Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development is ________.

establishing trust in others

The information-processing theory compares the human brain to ________.

a computer

To learn how to make Kung Pao chicken, Lian spends time watching videos on TikTok. Lian is demonstrating ________.

observational learning

What is the cephalocaudal pattern of growth?

growth that starts from the head and moves downward

Which of the following is a reflex that disappears by four months and is replaced by controlled motor skills?

palmar grasp reflex

At what age do children typically reach the milestone of walking independently?

twelve months

Which of the following is a health risk associated with low birth weight?

developmental problems

How does the mass-to-specific pattern influence motor skills in infants?

Gross motor skills develop before fine motor skills.

Which of the following is a reflex that infants are born with?

sucking

Which of the following is an example of symbolic thought in a toddler?

Ty uses a wood block as a pretend phone.

The visual cortex undergoes a major growth spurt at two to four months. Why might this be an especially important period for the development of an infant's sensory and cognitive abilities?

infants begin recognizing familiar faces and objects, aiding in attachment and learning.

The visual cliff experiment is used to test which of the following in infants?

depth perception

Which of the following approaches to infant sleep training has the most significant impact on fostering long-term emotional health, and why?

responsive settling, as it balances parental comfort and encourages gradual self-soothing, leading to long-term emotional regulation

What is the sense of independence or freedom to control yourself and your actions called?

autonomy

With regard to chromosomes, one typical difference between most females and males is what?

Most females have two X chromosomes, whereas most males have an X and a Y chromosome.

Infants with a slow-to-warm-up temperament are likely to ________.

be shy decades later

Hans and Sybil Eysenck believed that people had two specific personality dimensions. One of them is extroversion/introversion. What is the other?

neuroticism/stability

When a child has a temper tantrum, it is recommended that caregivers should do what?

Give the child time to release those emotions.

Self-conscious emotions ________.

involve how others view us

In regard to emotion regulation skills, when comparing Korean, Dutch, Italian, Japanese, and American families, it has been found that American families were more likely to ________.

supply stimulating environments

What kind of neurons react when infants see someone doing something that causes them to imitate that action?

mirror neurons

In the Strange Situation task, insecure avoidant infants ________.

didn't get upset by their caregiver's absence

The HOME scale measures the quality of the home environment based on which factors?

cleanliness and parental responsiveness

Between the ages of three and six years, children in the United States grow about how much per year in terms of their height and their weight?

2 to 3 inches and 4 to 5 pounds

What is the body's main source of energy?

carbohydrates

In regard to the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine and autism, it has been found that ________.

In regard to the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine and autism, it has been found that ________.

Compared to boys, girls usually ________.

show better balancing skills, such as standing on one foot

The research of Hart and Risley (1995) found what with regard to language?

Children of high-income parents are exposed to more words than other children.

A child demonstrating animism may believe that the sun ________.

goes to sleep at night (physical objects have emotions)

Jean Piaget's and Lev Vygotsky's theories both believe that ________.

children take an active role in discovery

Olga is a French exchange student living in Michigan. She can easily talk with her French-speaking friends at home or her English-speaking friends in the United States. Olga is demonstrating what kind of language skill?

code switching

When Kiana is engaging in parallel play, she might be ________.

drawing with crayons near other children who are drawing too

In comparing play styles of Maasai children in East Africa to those of Inuit children in Canada and Greenland, it has been found that ________.

the Inuit culture stresses storytelling and role-playing

Erik Erikson's third psychosocial stage is called ________.

initiative versus guilt

Because Han is low in terms of neuroticism, we can expect that he will ________.

stay calm throughout the day

Three-year-old Simone is surprised by her aunt Josie's new hairstyle. Josie has had very long hair for years. But now, Josie's hair is very short. Upon seeing Josie with the short hairstyle for the first time, Simone shouts, Auntie

constancy

The first step in establishing ethnic-racial identity involves doing what?

assigning labels to your own and others' ethnic or racial status

Seventeen-year-old Destin is asking their parents to have their own car. Because Destin's parents are authoritative, they are most likely to say what?

You can borrow our car occasionally for now; let's see how that goes. If you handle that responsibly

With regard to discipline, it has been found that ________.

reinforcement tends to be more effective than punishment

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates free play, instead of structured play?

1. Children go to the playground and decide to play kickball.

2. A dad asks his daughters if they want to play on their backyard trampoline.

3. A grandfather gets out coloring books and tells his grandchildren to color with him.

4. A teacher teaches the class how to play the game backgammon.

Children go to the playground and decide to play kickball.

Children who are highly aggressive for a persistent length of time throughout their childhood are more likely to ________.

have strained relationships with others

Research in 2021 found that children utilized which media platform the most?

streaming

Screen time has been shown to ________.

provide an outlet for creativity