5.3-5.4 Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Genetics

Probability

predicts potential genetic outcomes

How do you find the probability of mutually exclusive events?

add probability of either occurring together

How do you find the probability of independent events?

multiply probability of them happening together

Law of Dominance

only the dominant allele plays a role in the organism's resultant characteristics

Law of Segregation

meiosis separates the alleles; traits found on separate chromosomes are separated into different gametes

Law of Independent Assortment

alleles on non-homologous chromosomes are segregated independently of one another during gamete formation

Phenotype

an organisms characteristic

What is phenotype based off of?

genotype and environmental factors

Incomplete Dominance

heterozygous genotype presents a unique phenotype instead of the homozygous phenotype

Codominance

multiple alleles are equally dominant to each other and are expressed equally when heterozygous

Sex-Linked Inheritance

individual's sex determines how traits are expressed

Polygenic Traits

genotypes for 1+ genes are collectively responsible for the phenotype that results

Non-Linked Genes

found on different chromosomes

Would non-linked genes preform synapsis?

no

Would non-linked genes assort independently?

yes

Linked Genes

found on the same chromosome

Are linked genes more likely to be inherited together?

yes

How do linked genes influence the offspring' phenotypes

ratio heavily favors parental phenotypes

Recombinant

when synapsis creates a new combination of alleles that did not exist in parental genotype

Chromosome Maps

illustrate gene loci relative to other genes

Gene Loci

a gene's location on a chromosome

Non-Nuclear Genes

DNA in mitochondria and chloroplast

Where does an offspring get it's non-nuclear DNA?

inherited through the female gamete