STRUCTURE AND FXN OF ANIMAL CELLS

Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Cholesterol: are amphipathic molecules consists of - two hydrocarbon chains (____________)- tails and phosphate group (___________)- head

hydrophobic

hydrophilic

Cell membrane is composed of:

1. Phospholipids

2. Cholesterol

3. Proteins (integral and peripheral)

4. Glycocalyx

Properties of membrane Lipids:

1. Undergoes lateral diffusion (10-7 to ____ cm2/sec)

2. Capable of ___________motion (flip-flop

3. _________ in distribution

4. ______ permeability and fluidity

1. 10-9

2. transverse

3. Assymetry

4. Passive

This type of protein is embedded in lipids; some cross the entire membrane. They act like gates (allow substances into/out cell)

Intrinsic/integral proteins

This type of membrane protein found along the edge of membrane (inside or outside

Extrinsic or peripheral proteins

Peripheral proteins serve as ______ for hormones; entire complex moves into cell.

receptors

These proteins undergo lateral movement (10-9 to 10-11 cm2/sec)

Extrinsic or peripheral proteins

Proteins functions:

1. Transport of substances into and out of the cell

2. ___________communication

3. ________characteristics - surface proteins eg. MHC Ags

intracellular

antigenic

_________ chains found on surface of cells covalently linked to membrane proteins and Lipids

carbohydrate

________ - extensive cell coat of intestinal brush border

Glycocalyx

Membrane associated functions and properties are function of the Cell coat including:

1. Cell surface _____

2. Blood group specific antigen

3. Receptor site for ____

4. Receptor for _____

5. Cell to cell recognition and adhesion

6. _________________ antigens

charge

viruses

toxins

Transplantation antigens

Fluid portion of the cell is the _______

Everything in a cell except the nucleus is ________- fluids and particulate matters (organelles)

cytosol

cytoplasm

“little organs”; found only inside the eukaryotic cells

organelles

• Surrounded by a double membrane

• Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope

• Control center of cell

Nucleus

Nuclear envelop (Nuclear ________)

membrane

These are fine fibrils about 100 A thick. Composed of DNA and proteins (histones and acid proteins)

Chromatin

2 types of chromatin

1. euchromatin

2. heterochromatin

Thread-like structures in