General Chemistry 2: Kinetic Molecular Theory and Intermolecular Forces

Vocabulary flashcards covering Kinetic Molecular Theory, various intermolecular forces, liquid properties, and water characteristics from General Chemistry 2.

Intramolecular Forces

The force which keeps molecules together, acting between the atoms of a molecule or compound.

Intermolecular Forces

The attractive forces between molecules responsible for keeping matter in a solid or liquid phase.

van der Waals Forces

A collective term referring to weak intermolecular attractions, specifically dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces.

Dispersion Forces

The weakest attractive forces formed due to temporary dipoles induced in non-polar molecules, also known as London forces or induced-dipole-induced-dipole attractions.

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Attractive forces existing between neighboring polar molecules that possess permanent dipoles.

Hydrogen Bond

A special type of dipole-dipole interaction between the hydrogen atom in a polar molecule and highly electronegative atoms ($N$, $O$, and $F$) in another molecule.

Ion-Dipole Forces

Attractive forces existing between a charged particle called an ion (cation or anion) and a polar molecule.

Hydration

The interaction of water molecules with the cations and anions of ionic compounds dissolved in water.

Surface Tension

The force that causes the surface of a liquid to contract, explaining why liquid droplets form a spherical shape.

Viscosity

The resistance of a fluid to flow, caused by intermolecular attraction between the molecules of the liquid.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure of the vapor resulting from the evaporation of a liquid.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure.

Molar Heat of Vaporization

The amount of heat needed to vaporize a given amount of liquid at its boiling point.

Universal Solvent

A property attributed to water due to its ability to dissolve many different substances.