Module 1 (Cram)

A substance used in medicine and veterinary medicine to kill parasites

Parasiticide

A substance used to kill parasitic worms

Anthelmintic

A substance used to kill mites or ticks

Acaricide

A substance used to kill insects

Insecticide

A substance used to kill protozoans

Antiprotozoal

An organism that lives a significant period of its life inside or on another organism, from which it obtains nourishment and shelter and to which it may cause harm

Parasite

Parasite that lives inside a host

Endoparasite

Parasite that lives outside a host

Ectoparasite

Close association of two dissimilar organisms

Symbiosis

Each of the organisms in a symbiotic relationship

Symbiont

Type of symbiosis that is beneficial to both animals

Mutualism

Example of mutualism

Honeybee and flower

Type of symbiosis that is beneficial to one animal without effecting the other

Commensalism

Example of commensalism

Barnacle and whale

Type of symbiosis that is beneficial to one and detrimental to the other

Parasitism

Example of parasitism

Hookworms and dogs

Type of symbiosis that is detrimental to both animals

Synnecrosis

Example of synnecrosis

Heavy ascarid (worm) load killing both parasite and host

Type of life cycle in which the parasite can complete its entire life cycle on one host

Direct life cycle

True or false: A parasite with a direct lifestyle doesn't leave its host for any period of time

False. The parasite may leave the host for a period but does not require another species to complete life cycle

Example of a parasite with a direct life cycle

Bots

Type of life cycle in which the parasite requires one or more intermediate hosts in order to reach infective stage for original host

Indirect life cycle

Example of a parasite with an indirect life cycle

Tapeworms

Type of host that harbors adult, sexual, or mature form of parasite

Definitive host

Type of host that harbors larval, juvenile, or immature form of parasite

Intermediate host

Type of host that harbors larval form of parasite encapsulated in tissues, the parasite doesn't undergo any further development in this host

Paratenic host

Type of host that is not capable of transmitting the parasite to other animals

Incidental host (or dead end host)

Type of host that refers to wild animals transmitting parasites to domestic animals

Reservoir host

Time that elapses between entry of infective stage of parasite into definitive host and the demonstration of presence of parasite within the host

Prepatent period

What are the four routes of infection (ie. ways a parasite can gain entry into a host)?

1. Oral ingestion

2. Skin penetration

3. Via air passages

4. Prenatal infection

Name five causes of host injury by parasites and an example for each one (there are 11 total)

1. Blood loss, fleas suck blood from a cat

2. Toxins, tick paralysis caused by tick neurotoxin

3. Disease vectors, lyme disease from a tick

4. Allergic reactions, flea allergy dermatitis

5. Physical annoyance, warbles annoy cattle

A severe tapeworm infestation competes with a host for available nutrients, what kind of host injury is this?

Nutrient competition

A severe flea infestation causes anemia in a kitten, what kind of host injury is this?

Blood loss

Liver flukes migrate through the liver causing extensive damage to liver cells, what kind of host injury is this?

Tissue damage

Strongyles block blood vessels, what kind of host injury is this?

Mechanical obstruction

Liver fluke damage activates Clostridium spores, what kind of host injury is this?

Opportunity for bacterial invasion

Strongyles causes damage to the aorta and other blood vessels, what kind of host injury is this?

Scar tissue reactions

Ticks release neurotoxins causing tack paralysis, what kind of host injury is this?

Toxins

Ticks carry lyme disease, what kind of host injury is this?

Disease vectors

The larval form of the nodular worm of sheep creates a neoplasia in the intestines, what kind of host injury is this?

Stimulate neoplasia

Flea saliva causes irritation (flea allergic dermatitis), what kind of host injury is this?

Allergic reactions

Warbles cause gadding (running away) in cattle, what kind of host injury is this?

Physical annoyance

What are the four factors affecting the severity of host damage?

1. Virulence of parasite

2. Parasite numbers

3. Health of the host

4. Age of host

What are the two Kingdoms that have veterinary parasitology significance?

1. Kingdom Animalia

2. Kingdom Protista

What are the three parasite Phylums of Kingdom Animalia?

1. Phylum Arthropoda

2. Phylum Platyhelminthes

3. Phylum Nematoda

What are the two Classes of Phylum Arthropoda?

1. Remember: "Arthro" means joint, "poda" means feet/legs, so Arthropoda means jointed legs. Think of bugs!

1. Class Insecta

2. Class Arachnida

What are the three Classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes?

1. Sub–Class Eucestoda

2. Sub–Class Cotyloda

3. Class Trematoda

What is the common name for Phylum Platyhelminthes?

Remember: Platys are flaty!

Flatworms

What is the common name for Sub–Class Eucestoda?

Remember: "Eu" means true, these are the true tapeworms

True tapeworms

What is the common name for Sub–Class Cotyloda?

Remember: Coty is a loda sh*t, cause its "pseudo" meaning fake

Pseudotapeworms

What is the common name for Class Trematoda?

Remember: It's a fluke I survived the tremor

Flukes

What are the five Orders of Phylum Nematoda?

1. Superfamily Trichuroidea

2. Order Oxyurida

3. Order Ascaridida

4. Order Strongylida

5. Order Spirurida

What is the common name of Order Ascaridida?

Ascarids

What is the common name for Order Oxyurida

Remember: You're gonna need "oxy"–clean for your undies if you got pinworms

Pinworms

True or false: Children cannot get pinworms from pets

True

What is the common name for Order Strongylida?

Strongyles

What are the two types of Strongyles?

1. Hookworms

2. Blood worms

What are the two common names of members of Order Spirurida?

1. Threadworms

2. Heartworms

What is the common name of Superfamily Trichuroidea?

Remember: I do tricks with my whip

Whipworms

Which Kingdom of veterinary parasitology significance consists of unicellular organisms?

Example: Giardia. It causes beaver fever in humans

Kingdom Protista