USHISTORYEOC

an association of workers joining together to promote and protect the welfare interests and rights of its members

Labor union

founded by Samuel Gompers, allowed only SKILLED WHITE MALE workers to enter

American Federation of Labor

work stoppage intended to force an employer to respond to their workers demands

Strike

workers go on strike in favor for a 8 hour work day, gathered in front of McCormick machine factory

anarchist threw a stick of dynamite into a crowd and killed a police officer

Haymarket Riot

workers in Pullman Illinois go on strike to protest wages against George Pullman

rent prices are being increased but pay was not, feds get involved because of interstate commerce

Pullman Strike (1894)

american union originally made as a secret fraternal order, allows ALL WORKERS

Knights of Labor

Founder of American Federation of Labor

Samuel Gompers

Stirkebreakers hired by employers as replacement workers when unions went on strike

Scabs

Steel workers go on strike at Carnegie steelworks someone was killed due to an unsafe work environment and workers barricaded doors and didn't let anyone inside.

Henry Frick brought in strike breakers but did not help, state militia was brought in

Homestead Strike

to absorb into the culture of where you are living

Assimilation

common ownership of the means of production, both economic and political system

everyone equal

Communism

the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban

the growth of cities and more buildings

Urbanization

traded work opportunities to poor people if they were in favor of a certain politicians to get their vote

Political Machine

before 1880

were educated and spoke english

Old Immigrants

immigration station for europeans in New York Harbour

Ellis Island

a law enacted to prohibit Chinese workers from entering America (allowed students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials)

Chinese exclusion act

Anti-Foreign belief that if you were born in America you are better than others who were not

Nativism

-overproduction

-improved machinery

-overly high bank loans

-high cost of shipping

-value of the dollar

-competition

-scarcity of money

Farmers Problems

elected STATE legislature who passed new laws regulating railroad and grain storage rates

Granger Laws

the agenda of the populist party

-direct election of senators

-secret ballots

-8hr work day for industrial workers

-in favor of presidential term limitations

Omaha Platform

president candidate in favor of farmers, made the Cross of Gold Speech and people wanted him to run for president but he lost to William Mckinley

William Jennings Bryan

court rules the state can regulate when its in the publics interest

Munn v. Illinois

social ownership democratic control of the means of production

an economic system

Socialism

housing that meets minimum standards for safety and sanitation

overcrowded homes where poor workers lived

Tenements

Political machine of New York City that was well-known for its corruption; lead by William Boss Tweed

Tammany Hall

post 1880 wasn't educated didn't speak English

New Immigrants

immigration station for asians in San Fransisco bay

Angel Island

Americans began sending Asian children to specifically Asian schools, anti-American riots began to break out in Japan

informal agreement between Japan and U.S. to limit emigration and in return san Fransisco will withdraw segregation

Gentleman's Agreement

National Association of Farmers

Wanted to modernize farming

Elected candidates in state legislature

Passed laws regulating RR and grain storage rates

Grange Movement

farmers formed regional political associations to get federal representation

Populist Party or Peoples Party

Republican William McKinley defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in 1896. Bryan was the nominee of the Democrats, the Populist Party

Election of 1896

Compares gold standards to crucification because of how badly it was hurting farmers

given by William Jennings Bryan and caused Democrats to want him in power

Cross of Gold Speech

invalidates granger laws

railroads can only be regulated by federal government due to interstate commerce

Wabash v. Illinois

Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

bull market

stocks going up

bear market

stocks going down

speculation

investment in stock in the hopes of financial gain but with risk of loss

causes of depression

-weak economy

-overproduction/underconsumption

-buying on margin

-black Tuesday

-dust bowl

-speculation

-herbert hoover's lack of interference in economy

buying on margin

paying a certain amount for a stock and then paying off the balance when you sell the stock

very risky

black Tuesday

October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression.

gross national product

total value of all goods and services produced in a year of the country

dust bowl

a period of severe dust storms in the u.s. and Canada

smoot Hawley tariff

herbert hoover raises tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods

added crazy strain on the international economic climate

laissez-faire economics

the idea that the economy does better without government intervention

herbert hoover

31st president

director of U.S. food admin during WW1

had a dam built after him which was said to be the greatest engineering done at their time

president during the stock market crash and didnt do anything to help

this stupid bitch raised tariffs right after black Tuesday bruh

bonus expeditionary force

Thousands of World War I veterans, who insisted on immediate payment of their bonus certificates, marched on Washington in 1932; they stayed in shacks called "Hoovervilles" to diss the president

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)

32nd president

won a record 4 presidential elections

actually helped during the Great Depression, passing the new deal and second new deal

new deal

established by FDR to get the economy back on track

states that the government bears the ultimate responsibility for the smooth running of the American economy

-FDIC

-SEC

-CCC

-AAA

etc..

recovery relief reform

the three goals of the New Deal

civilian conservation corps

gave outdoor jobs to young men, finishes government projects

florida based

agricultural adjustment act

provides low interest loans to farmers

Tennessee valley authority

built 21 dams along the Tennessee river to control floods and use the water for electricity

works progress administration

created new public work projects (schools, courthouses, bridges) increases employment like crazy

second new deal

the other half of programs and reforms launched by FDR in 1935

national labor relations act

gave workers the right to form unions and bargain collectively. Also, they could file grievances with the National Labor Relations Board